Study Onrouting Protocols Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Routing technology is one of the key technologies of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks).Energy consumption is the primary concern factor due to the characteristics of WSN, how to design low power routing protocol is an important task.This thesis firstly introduces wireless sensor network architecture and related technologies, analyzes the characteristics of their network routing protocol and design requirements, focuses on research and analysis of wireless sensor network routing protocol LEACH and points out its shortage of cluster head selection and the cluster nodes how to choose cluster head. Then, to the shortage, this thesis describes three improved routing protocols: LEACH-energy, LEACH-center and LEACH-center and energy. LEACH-energy can ensure that the nodes which have most remaining energy have opportunity to become the cluster heads, and in clustering phase, the sensor nodes choose the cluster head by considering not only received signal strength from cluster head but also three factors: the cluster head residual energy, the distance between member nodes and cluster head, and the distance between cluster head and base station. We introduce a weight computation for nodes to make decision to choose a cluster with minimum weight to join in order for more reasonable clustering. LEACH-center can ensure that the cluster head is located in the center of cluster area, to reduce the energy consumption within the cluster. LEACH-center and energy can ensure that the nodes which have more remaining energy and whose position is more close to cluster center have opportunity to become the cluster heads , and in clustering phase, the same with LEACH-energy, inserting a weight computation.Finally, we evaluate the performance of LEACH, LEACH-energy, LEACH-center and LEACH-center and energy algorithms through comparison with each other with Visual Studio 6.0 and MATLAB. The simulation results show that the improved algorithms manifest better performance in terms of effectively using energy, balancing network load and prolonging network life.