| How to increase and expand domestic consumer demand which fully explores the Chinese great potential internal demand and to vigorously crack the mechanism of system that restrict expanded internal demand in China, is an important issue which obstacle current and future economy.Since the founding of new China, in about three decades of shortage period, agricultural and sideline products had been short, only through issuing certificates ration to ensure the basic life of urban residents. By sacrificing the expense of agriculture and light industry, heavy industry development was priority to accelerate the realization of industrialization in China which had certain positive significance, but people's life was long at low level.Solving the contradiction between the growing needs of people and the backward productivity has become the ultimate aim of reform and opening up since 1978.After the reform and opening-up policy, China is quickly out of the shortage era. Rural economic system reform has greatly released the enthusiasm of rural residents, agricultural and sideline products output increasing rapidly and rural residents' income also enhancing unceasingly. Price mechanism reform is the core of urban economic institutional reform, most of the products'prices according to market from price which were made by planning, the product price basically reflecting the market supply and demand condition. In order to improve people's lives and to meet the residents' consumption structure upgrade requirements, countries adjusted the industrial internal structure, giving priority to the development of industrial consumer goods. And the reform of the income distribution system was taken, which gradually tilt to laborer and personal incomes increase rapidly.The economic system reform goal was determined to establish a socialist market economy in the 14th congress of Chinese communist party.The establishment of the market economic system that China's economy has entered a rapid growth channel. Especially after joining the WTO, China's economy fully connected to international economy, bringing good development opportunities in economic growth and export playing an extremely important role. But after the financial crisis which was triggered by the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the external demand fell sharply and the export was faced great difficulties so now it is particularly important to expand domestic demand especially consumer demand in the economic growth. But in China, as a big country, it is not appropriate that China's economic growth has mainly relied on exports and investment to pull the economic growth since 1978. A corresponding consumption system must be set up to safeguard expanding domestic demand. Market economy is the economy which safeguards consumer sovereignty. According to the perspective of institutional changes, the article aims to reconstruct 60 years Chinese consumer sovereignty consciousness from gradual losing to gradual awakening process after analyzing the relation between the changes of Chinese consumption system and the influence of consumer sovereignty consciousness, probing into the relevance of the consumption system change and the influence of consumer sovereignty consciousness, which is thought to explore establish a sound top-down path of "expanding domestic demand and boosting the effective way of GDP growth" and give reference information. It is divided into three periods according to the differences of consumption systems:1950-1978; 1979-1992; 1993-2010.It is a planned economy period bewteen1950and 1978. It was given the priority to the development of heavy industry in this period, taking an arrangement of system to limit consumption arrangement of system. All agricultural products shall be sailed to the state-run institutions, which implemented ticket supply surpassing strategy to urban residents.The policy of industrial development by jumping the gun, plus the influence of thought to unrealistically develop a single product, especially the "cultural revolution" for ten years, were to make economic imbalance and national economic losses, making consumers sovereignty consciousness overall loss.China's economy has entered a period of transition since 1979. China's reform and opening-up policy put into practice after the third plenary session of the CPC in the end of 1978.Rural and urban reform were launched, vigorously developing production. By reforming production relations and superstructure which does not adapt the productive forces, China productivity gets great release, economic construction making tremendous progress. Consumer sovereignty consciousness was made gradually revive because of rich consumer goods and increasing personal income.It has entry into the construction of socialist market economic period since 1993. Institutional building is used to safeguard consumer sovereignty system, having formulated a series of consumer protection laws, and creating a good consumption environment. In 1998 encouraging consumption policy showed that China's economy launched into the consumer economy era. It was taken an active policy of employment, and left no stone unturned increase household income. It was formed good consumption expectation by expanding the coverage of the social security system. Sustainable consumption that actively advocated practiced green consumption and health spending.This paper argues that the consumption system of the planning economic system making consumer sovereignty consciousness gradually lose consciousness consumer sovereignty of the transition of consumption system arrangement makes consumer sovereignty consciousness gradually awaken, socialist market economy system establishment and the perfect conditions for the consumption system vicissitude creating a condition for the overall reconstruction of consumer sovereignty consciousness. Ascending the national consumer demand will have to protect consumers, fully respecting the consumer sovereignty consciousness, and it needs to be to establish a good consumption system to safeguard. |
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