| Hypotrichous ciliate are the highest, the most complicated, the most evolving group in ciliates. Cell differentiation with many structural components of cortex, cilia and ciliated linked to a variety of structures composed of cortex important structural components. Between the arrangement, distribution and other aspects of cilia in a constant mode and the corticotype, there is the corresponding relation. Hypotrichous ciliate typically have numerous cilia poly integrated complex cilia structure. These cortical ciliature consist of adoral zone of membranelles (AZM), undulating membranes (UM), frontal-ventral-transverse cirri (FVTC), left and right marginal cirri (LMC,RMC) and dorsal kineties (DK). Micro tubular organelles and the base associated microtubules of these ciliatures consist of anterior longitudinal microtubules (ALM), posterior longitudinal microtubules (PLM), transverse microtubules (TM). Because of the cilia structure, microtubular organelle and its subsidiary microtubules with species stability and specificity, therefore, in-depth study of the cortical microtubular organelle of ciliates is conducive to better explore the relationship between the protozoan ciliate species for its genus, classification of evidence is provided to support, but also for the study of eukaryotic cell regulation and diversity has important significance.Pleurotrichidae ciliate is in the transition group between Oxytrichidae and Urostylidae. The numbers of species in Pleurotrichidae are very small and the reports of them are not more. So the classification is more confused, genera is not clear. In this study, Pleurotricha sp taken as experiment material, by using scanning electron microscopy and direct fluorescent labelling of FLUTAX, the morphology of the hypotrichous ciliate Pleurotricha sp and the component model of the cortical ciliature were revealed. Expect to provide materials and evidence for taxonomic research of Pleurotrichidae. Results are as follows:1Observation of the cortex surface in the Pleurotricha sp ciliate with scanning electronic microscopyBy using scanning electron microscopy, the Pleurotricha sp ciliate is90-120μm in length,35-40μm in width. Its ventral side is flat and its dorsal side is distinctly vaulted. Its cortical ciliature consist of adoral zone of membranelles (AZM), undulating membranes (UM), frontal-ventral-transverse cirri (FVTC), left and right marginal cirri (LMC,RMC) and dorsal kineties (DK). The AZM has a shape like a question mark with30-50adoral membranelles; UM is consisted of a lot of cilia; FVTC distribute into9frontal,7ventral and5transverse cirri:3frontal cirri are in front of the cell and1frontal cirri is closed to UM;3ventral cirri with the shape of ">" is below the AZM and last2ventral cirri are closed to transverse cirri;5transverse cirri distribute into2group:3transverse cirri as a group and2transverse cirri as the other group.1left marginal cirri (LMC) and3right marginal cirri (RMC);7DK rows. Compared with Pleurotricha curdsi, Pleurotricha curdsi caterpillars amount of transverse abdominal cirri9-6-5mode, one of its ventral cirri less than the number in this article ciliate; Pleurotricha curdsi caterpillar has two column right edge of the cirri, one less than this article ciliates, the left edge of the cirri the same number of columns in this article ciliate are one; Pleurotricha curdsi caterpillars containing dorsal cirrus5, this article ciliate7. Compared with Onychodromopsis, Onychodromopsis has abdominal transverse cirri typical8-5-5mode, but Pleurotricha with9-7-5mode in this article significantly different; intended Onychodromopsis left edge of the cirri two, more than one of ciliates in this article, the right edge of the cirri two; intended Onychodromopsis have three tail cirri, this article ciliate tail cirri. Contact of this article ciliate This is Kay side caterpillars intends the Onychodromopsis are outside of the same family, according to their morphological features at different points, temporarily set this article ciliates as the side of the caterpillar of the genus kinds of side of the caterpillar.2Microtubular organelles and microtubular cytoskeleton in Pleurotricha sp. revealed by direct fluorescent labeling.Direct fluorescent labeling has been improved, and made adjustments to the experiment material. Saponin incubation time is30s, the concentration of paraformaldehyde4%,0.1%Triton X-100penetration lmin;1μmol/L FLUTAX-2dyeing10min. In addition, incubation in saponin, poly formalin-fixed and Triton X-100penetration step process, PHEM buffer was quickly used and PBS washing before and after dyeing should be used to wash away the unbound fluorescein and infected with fluorescein impurities to reduce the interference for observation.By using direct fluorescent labeling, varying degrees of the microtubule cytoskeleton structure has been observed. AZM contain small membranelle brackets and its associated microtubules; the base associated microtubules of FVTC contained anterior longitudinal microtubules(ALM), posterior longitudinal microtubules(PLM), transverse microtubules(TM); ALM, PLM and TM of RMC and LMC is also different. Compared with Allotricha, the caterpillars for different ciliate cilia base associated microtubules is not exactly same, so the conclusion could be speculated that the species of different kinds of Hypotrichous ciliate at the base associated microtubules are conserved. Further research on it will help the study of ciliate system, and is useful to the study of the ciliate cell pattern formation. |
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