Molecular Detection And Phylogenetic Analyse Of Wolbachia、Cardinium、Spiroplasma In Chinese Spiders(Araneae)

Inherited bacteria have come to be recognised as important components of arthropod biology. The last20years have witnessed an explosion of interest in reproductive parasites: maternally inherited microbial infections of arthropods that manipulate the reproduction of their host species. This interest has come largely from the study of one bacterium, Wolbachia. This bacterium was found to be associated with a variety of different manipulations:forcing asexuality on its host, feminising hosts, inducing incompatibility between infected males and uninfected (or differently infected) females, killing males. These manipulations are important to the ecology and evolution of particular infected host species, such as engender strong selection against their action, driving some of the fastest natural selection observed in the field. Whilst the incidence of the a-proteobacterium Wolbachia is relatively well established, the current knowledge of other inherited bacteria is much weaker.We used the PCR methods to assay for the presence of Wolbachia, Cardinium and Spiroplasma in more than1000individual spiders mainly from Hubei, Hainan, Yunnan, Shanxi and Anhui province (encompassing36species and16families). The number of each specie samples is from10to30. The PCR assay indicated the presence of Wolbachia in8species(Prosoponoides sinensis, Hylyphantes graminicola, Oxyopes javanus, Nurscia albofasciata, Eriovixia cavaleriei, Nephila clavata and Coleosoma octomaculatum), Cardinium in5species(Nephila clavata, Hylyphantes graminicola, Coleosoma octomaculatum, Nurscia albofasciata and Clubiona deletrix) and Spiroplasma in7species(Ebrechtella tricuspidatus, Larinioides cornuta, Eriovixia cavaleriei, Philodromus spinitarsis, Argiope amoena, Nephila clavata and Neriene japonica). Infections were detected in15spider families (41.4%) and this result indicated that hereditary symbioses are extremely widespread in spiders, and also we found some spider species possess more than one type of reproductive parasite. There are Nurscia albofasciata, Eriovixia cavaleriei. Nephila clavata, Coleosoma octomaculatum and Hylyphantes graminicola.Then, aligned the obtained sequences with the published ones, the phylogenetic relationships among the wsp and16S rDNA gene found in spiders were established respectively. The result shows that these spiders which infected Wolbachia are all belong to A or B group. The Eriovixia cavaleriei, Oxyopes javanus, Nephila clavata and Nurscia albofasciata belong to the group A, while the Coleosoma octomaculatum, Nephila clavata, Oxyopes sertatus, Prosoponoides sinensis and Hylyphantes graminicola belong to the group B. There were no Wolbachia strains belong to supergroup C and D which restricted to filarial nematodes. The MP tree shows that, comparing both Cardinium and Spiroplasma of spiders we detected with the symbionts reported from other countries’s spiders, we found that they fall into a same clade, and closely related with each other.