Analyzing Spatial Characteristics Of Taxi Pick-up With GPS Data

Taxi is an important part of urban passenger transport system. We can studytravel activity of taxi to meet the demand of transport and solve the problem of trafficcongestion. Taxi’s pick-up points is the point that traveler get on the taxi. It is animportant part of taxi travel analysis. If we can grasp the spatial characteristic of taxi’spick-up points, the taxi’s driver can arrange the track routes reasonably and the taxi’sadministrative department can distribute the service facility legitimately.This paper analyzes the overseas and domestic research status of entropy theoryand spatial statistical analysis theory first, and then puts forward the method thatcombined the two theories to analyze the spatial characteristics of taxi’s pick-uppoints to find out the common ground and the differences of multi-day spatialcharacteristics. It constructs the entropy formula, equilibrium formula and superiorityformula of taxi’s pick-up points according to the entropy theory. They can describethe proportionality and aggregation of taxi’s pick-up points from the view of overalldistribution characteristics. Then it uses spatial statistical analysis theory to analyzethe concrete distribution characteristics of taxi’s pick-up points. It gets the spatialdistribution center of taxi’s pick-up points by the use of the tendency of central. It getsthe tendency of dispersion by the use of the standard deviation distance. It gets themain distribution area and the direction of most taxi’s pick-up points by the use ofstandard deviation ellipses. It gets the entire distribution area by the use of convexhull. It uses “hot spots” theory to analyze the gathering places and reasons of taxi’spick-up points from the view of on-post staff and workers, permanent residents, landusage and road traffic conditions. It confirms the gathering scope and extent ofimportant facility by the analysis of their taxi’s pick-up points’ density distribution.We can get the spatial characteristic of taxi’s pick-up points by the analysis. Themulti-day taxi’s pick-up points all have a low equilibrium and a high superiority and itis particularly serious on working days compared with weekends. The multi-dayspatial distribution centers locate in Futian. But the spatial distribution centers ofweekends are far away from CBD. The tendency of dispersion of multi-day taxi’spick-up points is closer and it is smaller on working days than weekends. Themulti-day standard deviation ellipses include Futian, Luohu, Nanshan. The area ofstandard deviation ellipses on working days is smaller than weekends. The directionof most taxi pick-up points is close to east-west direction and the distribution scope of taxi’s pick-up points is wide these days. The number of remote taxi’s pick-up pointson working days is less than weekends. The gathering extent is particularly seriousaround the important facility such as transportation hub and CBD. The most gatheringplace is railway station these days, the followed is Luohu checkpoint. They have nosignificant differences in the gathering scope and extent on working days andweekends. But it has a bit differences between working days and weekends to CBD:the gathering scope on working days is smaller than weekends and the gatheringextent on working days is higher than weekends.There are some creations in this paper：1. It uses entropy theory and spatial statistical analysis theory to quantify thespatial characteristics of taxi’s pick-up points.2. It uses comparison analysis to find out the common ground and the differencesof multi-day spatial characteristics of taxi’s pick-up points.3. It confirms the gathering scope and extent of important facility according tothe distribution of taxi’s pick-up points and analyzes their time variation then.