Analysis And Application Research Of Atmospheric Water Resource In Northwest China

Northwest China is far from the ocean and enjoys arid and semi-arid climate, theecologic environment is fragile. Water resource is shortage in the arid areas with thepopulation increasing and economy developing. In order to improve the efficiency of waterutilization, this paper describes and analyses the distribution of water resources based onthe data of surface precipitation and pressure and NCEP/NCAR data from1951to2010.Results indicate that there is a significant difference with water resource variables in thenorthwest China. On the other hand, find a relation the law of distribution of waterresource in arid area and impact upon atmospheric water vapor movement in the eachregion of northwest China. This paper further analyses both the effectiveness andtimeliness of artificial precipitation enhancement in northwest China on the key time wherein the key area.The main efforts of this paper follow:1. There is a significant difference with water resource variables and water vaportransport in the northwest China in60a. Components (P, E, P-E) of them in the southeastarea are highest, the area in the northwest and the northeast are the second, the area in themiddle part of northwest China and southwest area are lowest.. The components (P, E,P-E)of water resource in the northwest China have obvious seasonal changes. The biggest valueof the components appears in summer. Their annual average values are127mm,94mm,33mm respectively and their ratios to the whole year are respectively49.4%,49%and51%.The smallest value of the components appears in winter and their ratios to the whole yearare respectively6.2%,6.3%and5.6%. The spatial structure of in the air water vapor netsare consisting of three passages, three regions: abundant region, poor region and generalregion. The region of water vapor passage almost coincides with the distribution of waterresource in northwest China.2. The time-space distribution of water vapor resource with each region of northwest. Inthe water resource richest region, water vapor content is biggest. In the water resourcericher region, water vapor content is bigger, water content in the lowest in the poor area.Water vapor increasing with height results in the atmosphere. Maximum vapor contentappearing in summer, minimum value appearing in winter, the content of water vapor insummer is higher than that in winter.3. On the boundaries of water vapor transport, the annual water vapor input from western and eastern boundaries, and water vapor output from others boundaries in spring. Insummer, water vapor flux reached negative on the eastern boundary under the action orinfluence of water vapor passage in northwest China, water vapor transport holdstable-state input flow on the western boundary. The north wind vapor flux influencenorthwest area, the south wind vapor flux influence southern and eastern boundaries, it isfilled with moisture. The effects of western wind vapor flux weaken with southern andnorthern boundaries and probability of precipitation reduced in autumn. In winter, watervapor transport is stable by west wind circulation, most of northwest China under theinfluence of the north wind vapor flux except the south of Xinjiang where under theinfluence of the south wind vapor flux. Results indicated that water vapor input valuefrom zonal is higher than that from meridional circulation, as contrasted to the water vaporoutput.4Water vapor content and latent heat flux affect precipitable water vapor andprecipitation respectively. Seasonal distribution of precipitation and precipitable watervapor were close, but it is significant space difference of them. Latent heat flux associatedwith precipitation. Water vapor passage in the vertical direction affect regional water-heatbalance. Latent heat fluxes of northern and southern Xinjiang were closely related toprecipitation in the north of Xinjiang. The fluxes of eastern northwest and east-centralGansu in connection with precipitation of southern Xinjiang.5. Based on the change of water vapor content and seasonal fluctuation on the differentheight of the atmosphere, it is possible that precipitation enhancement gross value wouldbe about2095.1×108m3in the water resource richest region. The potential of artificialprecipitation in the east part of northwest in summer is higher than other seasons. In thewater resource richer region, precipitation enhancement gross value would be about992.5×108m3. Terrain is correlated significantly with precipitation in the water vaporpassages, it is greatly in different zones and seasonal in northwest China. In the waterresource lowest region, it would be about76.4×108m3,the maximum available water vaporcontent in autumn, summer is next.