Studies On Composition Differences Of Metabolism Of Selected Entomogeneous Fungi, Mushroom And Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Entomopathogenic fungi， mainly containing the genus of Cordyceps inAscomycota and its known anamorphs, are not only important biological controlagents but also a valuable traditional Chinese medicines which attribute to theirunique insecticidal activity and long co-evolution effect with hosts. To probe intometabolism characteristics of entomogenous fungi, this study comparativelyinvestigated the solid fermented mycelia of several strains of entomopathogenicfungi (Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria), common edible fungi and plant pathogenicfungi, which included TLC comparative analysis, free radical scavenging activitydetermination, HPLC-MS analysis of common components: mannitol, adenosine,cordycepin and ergosterol, and metabonomic analysis of methanol and ethylacetate mixed extracts.TLC detected under ultraviolet radiation at254nm, showed that Metarhiziumviridulum, Metarhizium anisopliae var, Metarhizium biformisporae, Agaricusblazei murrill, Lentinus edodes (Berk.)sing, Pleurotus eryngii Quel, Griflolafrondosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, PacilomycesHepiali Chen, Codeceps militaris, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria lilaci, Isariacateniobliqua, Isaria cateniannulata, Isaria cicadae, Beauveria brongniar,Beauveria bassiana, Trichothecium roseu and Botrytis cinerea have differentcontent of adenosine. Metarhizium flavovi, Metarhizium anisopliae var, Griflolafrondosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, Codeceps militaris, Paecilomyces gunnni, Isariacateniannulata, Beauveria bassiana and Penicillium have different content ofcordycepin. Furthermore, Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinousa, Isaria tenuipes,Isaria cateniobliqua, Isaria cicadae, Beauveria brongniar, Beauveria caledonica,Beauveria amorpha, Beauveria bassiana, Trichothecium roseu and Penicilliumhave the same spot at Rf0.25. Moreover, TLC observed directly after spraying15%H2SO4in ethanol, displayed that all the strains have the same spots at Rf0.18,0.34,0.54,0.93and0.96, but the shades of colors was varied, which indicated thatentomopathogenic fungi, edible fungi and plant pathogenic fungi had similarcompounds but the contents in different stains were different, also there wasevident difference among strains in the same species and different species had nosimilar profiles. Free radical scavenging activity determination, revealed that methanol andethyl acetate extracts from the mycelia of32isolates all have free radicalscavenging activity, but in contrast to ethyl acetate extracts, methanol extractshave stronger free radical scavenging activity and more active compounds. Activecompounds mainly comprised higher polarity material that Rf value was below0.2,lower polarity material that Rf value was0.84and ergosterol. The component at Rfvalue0.84were existed in entomopathogenic fungi, edible fungi and plantpathogenic fungi. In addition, DPPH free radical scavenging activityquantificational results displayed that the compounds of entomopathogenic fungihave more activity than edible fungi and plant pathogenic fungi.HPLC-MS results showed that all strains had mannitol (except Griflolafrondosa) and ergosterol. There was no peak that corresponds with adenosine inthe TIC of Beauveria caledonica, Beauveria pseudobassiana nom. nov. provis,Metarhizikum taii, Isaria farinousa, Isaria tenuipes, and there was no peak thatcorresponds with cordycepin in the TIC of Beauveria amorpha, Beauveriabrongniar, Beauveria caledonica, Beauveria sinensis, Beauveria pseudobassiananom. nov. provis, Metarhizium cylindrospora, Metarhizikum taii, Metarhiziumbiformisporae, Isaria cateniobliqua, Isaria farinousa, Isaria fumosorosea, Isariatenuipes, Pacilomyces Hepiali Chen, Tritirachium, Botrytis cinerea. In this study,we found that edible fungi and Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium, Trichothecium roseu,Tritirachium have adenosine, and firstly reported that Griflola frondosa, Pleurotuseryngii Quel, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus blazeimurrill, Penicillium and Trichothecium roseu have cordycepin to our knowledge.Based on HPLC-MS analysis of metabolomic analysis of methanol and ethylacetate mixed extracts from the mycelia of Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria， thehierarchical cluster analysis showed that Metarhizium first clustered with Isariaand then clustered with Beauveria， indicated that Metarhizium have similarmetabolism to Isaria. Metabolomic analysis of methanol and ethyl acetate mixedextracts from the mycelia of entomopathogenic fungi, edible fungi, plantpathogenic fungi, we found some unique metabolites from Beauveria, Metarhizium,Isaria, these compound may be generated from entomopathogenic fungi for longtime coevolution with insects. These results may contribute to the research ofinfection mechanism of insect-fungi interaction.