Copper Salts With Different Anions In The Soil Sorption-desorption And Plant Distribution Characteristics Of Sub-Cellular Level

With the development of economy, soil pollution has been increasinglyserious as a result of sewage irrigation, agricultural fertilizers use, wasteemissions and emissions from municipal waste and sludge and so on. Soilquality is getting worse. Along with these activities in the production, a largenumber of toxic heavy metals copper into the farmland, because of their widerange of long duration, pollution, hidden, irreversible and other reasons havebeen subject to widespread attention. In the course of these productionactivities, while incorporating a large number of anions into the soil, andsynergy with copper in the soil, causing damage. In this paper, theinvestigations were carried out the behavior and availability of copper, basedon the analysis of correlation between copper and physical and chemicalproperties of the paddy soils from Shanghai’s Fengxian District, meanwhile,the activity and availability of the BCR methods （the three chemical fractions） have been investigated by way of a sequential extraction technique, in orderto analyze the formation. We measured the different types of copper saltsadsorption-desorption in the paddy soils and established the basic model; Weused the copper sulfate, copper nitrate and copper chloride concentrationgradient of copper in three different as the research object, design by paddysoil as the soil type, chose wheat, select artificial simulation of heavy metalstress experiments, by measuring the different type of copper saltsmorphological characteristics, photosynthesis, the copper content in variousorgans and subcellular structures. Discussed the form of copper compoundswith different anions stress physiological characteristics of wheat. Results areas follows:The results of physical and chemical properties in the paddy soilsi) The soils still meet the needs of plant growth due to the moderatefertility with a soil texture of silty loam although the content oforganic matters is lower;ii) Total heavy metal content had a increase trend from the inland areato the coastal area, indicating the impact of alluvial deposits relatedto the soil formation on the distribution of heavy metals;iii) Total heavy metals in the soil are slightly higher than the backgroundvalue,and below the soil environmental quality standards, the oxide bound and the reduce bound were79.77%in Zhuanghang,thereduce bound and the residual bound were73.86%in Fengcheng, theoxide bound and the residual bound were69.91%. in Jinhui.The results of copper adsorption-desorption concentration in the paddysoilsi) Three soils in the experiment adsorbed copper fast. System achievedadsorption equilibrium in2h;ii) The paddy soil’s adsorption were similar, when the equilibriumconcentration is low, copper adsorption increased rapidly with theequilibrium concentration increase,but the equilibrium concentrationis high, copper adsorption increase become slow with the equilibriumconcentration increase. And three paddy soils desorption werebasically same, copper desorption increased with the adsorptionconcentration increase；iii) In zhanghang’s region, with different anions compounds copperadsorption capacity is copper sulfate>copper chloride>copper nitrate,and in the same adsorption concentration with different anionscompounds copper desorption capacity is copper sulfate>coppernitrate>copper chloride.iv) In zhanghang region, with different anions compounds the relationship curve is “S” between adsorption and pH value, andcopper desorption declined with the adsorption concentrationincrease;The results of the wheat physiological ecology in the paddy soils stressi) Morphological characteristics： Copper had obvious effects onwheat. There was significant difference among differentconcentration treatments. The growth of wheat was promoted underlow level and was inhibited under high level. The organs of wheatgrew differently under copper stress. Under the same concentrationcondition, there are compounds with different anions. Under thecondition of middle concentration the wheat under CuSO4and CuCl2stress grew best, and under the condition of low concentration thewheat under Cu（NO₃）₂stress grew best. The plant height and leafarea of all treatments fluctuated with the different anionscompounds;ii) Photosynthesis: Under the condition of low concentration thechlorophyll content were increased, but with the crease ofconcentration, chlorophyll content were declined and carotenoidcontent are the same. Under the same concentration condition,photosynthetic capacity was different according to the copper compounds with different anions. The chlorophyll content of wheatwas larger than the control when the copper concentration is100mg·kg^-1under Cu（NO₃）₂, when the copper concentration is200mg·kg^-1under CuSO₄, when the copper concentration is300mg·kg^-1under CuCl₂;iii) Copper content in different position of wheat increased with stresslevel, and was different between organs. Root and stem played animportant role in lightening the poison of copper. Copper transfercapacity of wheat varied with stress level and different compoundswere in different trends. Under the root copper concentration iscopper nitrate> copper chloride> copper sulfate. Under the stemcopper concentration is copper nitrate> copper sulfate≈copperchloride. Under the leaf copper concentration is copper nitrate>copper sulfate> copper chloride;iv) In roots, stems and leaves, copper subcellular distribution showedcopper content in the sub-cellular fractions increased with stresslevel, the cell wall fraction is the highest in all fractions and totalcopper content form the copper distribution ration. Copperdistribution capacity of wheat varied with stress level and differentcompounds were in different trends, under the subcellular distribution of the root, the copper contention is copper sulfate>copper nitrate≈copper chloride in the cell wall fraction; the coppercontention is copper sulfate> copper nitrate> copper chloride in thesoluble fraction; the copper contention is copper chloride> coppernitrate> copper sulfate in the organelle fraction, under thesubcellular distribution of the stem, the copper contention is coppersulfate> copper chloride> copper nitrate in the cell wall fraction;the copper contention is copper sulfate> copper nitrate≈copperchloride in the soluble fraction; the copper contention is coppernitrate> copper chloride> copper sulfate in the organelle fraction,under the subcellular distribution of the leaf, the copper contention iscopper chloride> copper sulfate> copper nitrate in the cell wallfraction; the copper contention is copper nitrate> copper chloride>copper sulfate in the soluble fraction; the copper contention iscopper nitrate≈copper chloride≈copper sulfate in the organellefraction.