The Control Of PANI’s Morphology By Aniline Inorganic Salt And Its Porous Carbon

Polyaniline(PANI) has attracted considerable attention owing to its ease ofsynthesis, stability in ambient conditions, and relatively high levels of electricalconductivity. And many studies have lately focused on PANI nanostructures becausethe high surface area of the material was of interest for the development of improvedsensor, anticorrosive materials and electrode materials. Generally,“hand template”,“soft template” and “template-free” have been used to prepare nano/microstructurePANI. For these strategies, however, low yield, complex template fabrication, tedioustemplate removal, and dilapidated structure caused by the template removal processstill limit their application. Hence, in our paper, we introduce this facile chemical wayto synthesize uniform and high quality felt-like nano/microstructure polyaniline. Thisis a template-based fabrication technique, using the aniline/copper sulfate complex astemple. In addition, we also use the PANI as raw material, prepared the porouscarbons with high specific surface areas and optimum pore size distributions.Meanwhile, we discussed every stage’s synthetic mechanism and the performance ofall products. The main results are as follow:(1) Exclusive sheet-like aniline/copper sulfate complex was successfullysynthesized in the suitable density, temperature, auxiliary and other conditions whichwe meticulously debugged. Then this complex’s mechanism and property was deeplydiscussed based on FTIR, XRD, Tg-DSC, SEM and UV results.(2) In this paper, we used aniline/copper sulfate complexes which synthesized at0℃、25℃、50℃、75℃as template, ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant,absolute alcohol as auxiliary, then performed polyaniline at0℃. By means of FTIR、XRD、Tg-DSC、SEM、BET、CV to look for the effect of temperature on property ofPANI. It was showed that when the template synthesized at25℃, the PANI ownedthe most uniform morphology, highest conducting (0.24S/cm), specific surface area(8.296m~2/g) and capacitance(512.5F/g). What’s more, we also studied other effectson PANI’s property, it was found that when [aniline]=0.385M,[copper sulfate]=0.192M, volume ratio [alcohol]:[water]=4:9, the PANI synthesized was moststructured and ordered.(3) Then, the felt-like polyaniline materials were carbonized at700℃,750℃and800℃, named asCP700，CP750and CP800, respectively. Then these three materials were used as carbon sources to prepare polyaniline-based porous carbon atan activation temperature of850℃, in which KOH was the activator. The results ofTEM, BET, Raman absorption, XRD, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedancespectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge showed ACP750reached the highestspecific capacitance of313.5F/g and the highest BET surface area of2931.5m~2/g.