| Metro trains have already been the daily means of transportation taken by the citizens because of fast speed and convenience, so the crashworthiness of trains is concerned all the time. On the basis of dynamics theory, simulation and analysis of the muti-car crash of the train set was undertaken and the dynamic response of the vehicles was approached in order to optimize the parameters of couplers and energy absorb devices and to improve the passive safety of trains, which is valuable in engineering application.A scenario of muti-car crash of metro trains is defined based on the crashworthiness requirements of both in the domestic tenders for subway trains and "Crashworthiness requirements for railway vehicle bodies (EN:15227)". Then, technical routes for simulation of one-dimension, two-dimension and three-dimension was proposed, and primary study on related effects of calculation methods of resist force of buffer and impact force displacement curves of energy absorb devices was done. Based on the platform of ADAMS, one-dimensional model was built and user routines for force characteristics of couplers and energy absorb devices were developed. Two-dimensional model for both longitudinal motion and angular pitching of car bodies was also built, differential equations were proposed, and a numerical solver was programmed in MATLAB. By means of SIMPACK software and user routines to simulate the impact forces, a three-dimensional muti-body model for train crash was built and dynamical simulated. The two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model can describe the motions of trains in a more realistic and complex way. A design proposal for domestic B-type metro trains taken as an example, after the optimization for parameters of energy absorb devices, the crashworthiness requirement that no crush damage to the occupant compartments occurs could be meet. |
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