Research Of Optical Microstructure In Order To Reduce The Loss Of Reflected Light From Silicon Solar Cells

With the advancement of technology and the development of human society, human demand for energy is also increasing, but human society is facing the challenges of the energy crisis and environmental pollution because of the unreasonable use of traditional energy limited reserves. In the current situation, governments are making great efforts to develop new energy sources in order to alleviate the energy crisis. Solar energy as a clean, renewable and inexhaustible energy favored by the governments. Solar cell as a device of the human use of solar energy, is the core equipment for the entire PV industry. Therefore, the research and application of solar cells has been widespread concern of governments.When the light wave through the interface of two different refractive indices of the materials necessarily occurs light reflection, studies show that the reflections generated unavoidable energy losses. For solar cells,, with the increasing of reflection, solar cell conversion efficiency will be significantly decreased. The micro-nano optical technologies combined with the rapid development in recent years, the rational design of a variety of optical micro-structure in the silicon substrate surface to reduce the reflective surface of the silicon solar cell. This paper based on the method of periodic two-dimensional optical micro-structure reduces the reflection of light by the silicon solar cell, not only having the advantages of simple structure, but also has a low reflection.This paper analysis Light on the Dielectric Surface reflection and transmission characteristics, and S-polarized and P-polarized light double Dielectric Surface and Fresnel formulas have been derived based on Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions, then reflectivity and transmittance of Light intensity and flow have been derived, and reflectivity and transmittance of light incident perpendicular and oblique incidence have been researched.Film theory combined with transfer matrix method to derive the reflectance and transmittance formula of a multi-layer film,and designed of the one-dimensional structure of the monolayer and multilayer film to reduce the reflection from the surface of the silicon plate,Simulation results show that the new micro-structure can effectively reduce the reflection of the light of the surface of the silicon substrate, thereby increasing the conversion efficiency of the silicon solar cell.A one-dimensional photonic crystal has been constructed by use of Periodic multilayers,and the entire optical frequency falls within the pass band of the photonic crystal in order to reduce the reflection of the silicon substrate by utilizing the photonic band,and simulation results show that the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure reduce the reflection of the silicon substrate in a certain frequency range.In order to expand the low reflective properties of the entire optical frequency range,this paper designed a new nanoparticle structure consisting of a two-dimensional periodic array of square columns, through the effective medium theory to calculate the basic parameters,then modeling and simulating the structure with Meep simulation software,and compared with the other type of structure, the results show that the optical micro-structure can further greatly reduce the reflection of the silicon substrate, and achieve a ultra-low reflection characteristics of the entire optical band.