| Pollen germination characteristic of pansy and viola were evaluated by germination method on culture medium, their stigma recep tivities were estimated by benzidine-H2O2 method and the hand cross-pollination. The result showed their pollen germinations required a high concentration of sucrose and high boric acid concentration. The best sucrose concentrations of viola for optimal pollen germination was much higher than pansy; high concentration of boric acid could promote the pollen of viola; the best medium for pollen germination of viola was 35% sucrose +0.02% boric acid,and pansy was 30% sucrose +0.01% boric acid; the pollen germination rate of viola was stronger than pansy.Only part of viola and pansy’s mature pollen are with activity,the germination rate is low 1d before flowering; for both,the strongest period of pollen viability is 2d after boom; viola pollen viability time and germination rate was significantly higher than pansy. Best time for the pollination may be 2d after booming; Best time for pollen interval time may be 2d to 4d after flowering.Artificial pollination of viola and pansy’s stigma receptivity,flower stigmas were not granted success 3d before the bloom. 1d before and 6d after are strong,but seed setting rate to the highest 2d; viola’s seed set can be maintained at high levels of a grant period and seed set of all time is higher than pansy,both wilting in the stigma 8d after flowering. the number of seed per fruit of viola reached the maximum 2d after flowering,while the pansy are seed up by pollination of the bloom day.Eight main quantitive traits of ornamental characteristics were analyzed in 10 inbred lines (9 Viola×wittrockiana,1 Viola cornuta) and the relations between the traits were determined by correlation and clustering analysis. The results suggest that flower diameter had a significant and very significant negative correlation to branch number and flower number of blooming individual plant,respectively,and these two factors should be considered when setting flower diameter as the breeding target. While flower diameter,leaf length and branch number should be taken into account if aiming at flower abundance. The cluster diagram shows a large genetic distance between pansy and viola. New combination with highly heterosis is expected by hybridizing these two inbreds with different ornamental characteristics.Resistance composite the morphology target and the physics and chemistry target of opposite 6 viola x pansy inbred lines carries on the principal components analysis’s method,obtains the viola 9 inbred lines is the most heat resistance kind; 10,12,3 are the moderate resistance type; 5,6 are synthesizes the anti-trade deficit type.F1 heterosis combined analysis of all traits of 10 inbred lines,find that seed kernel weight traits were mainly decided by the female parent; the viola as mother group overall have a high germination rate performance of the mid-parent heterosis; and viola as the father amplitude greater appears in the corner combinations than the viola as mother; 10 F1,the average first flowering dates is smaller than their parents,with mid-parent heterosis performance,F1 varieties are obvious early flowering than normal pansy.Comparison of viola as the male or female parent heterosis significantly more favorable to be a combination of objective traits,different options with this group of parents in different ways accordingly. If the target traits were branch number,plant width,flower diameter,stalk length,and plant height,viola as male parent to be better; if early flowering,flower number of full flowering,the viola as the female partent are more favorable.Ten F1 combinations and other 3 market popular products (viola’Gem’),total of 13 combinations,refer to evaluation methods of china and abroad,showed that:9×10,5×9,viola’Gem’ blue,9×6,6×9,viola’Gem’ red,9’×5,viola’Gem’ yellow,and 10×9 belong to outstanding group; 12×9,3×9 and 9×3 was the general group; 9×12 was the poor group. |
PDF Full Text Request