Distribution And Structural Characteristics Of The Ventricular Purkinje Fibers Of Yak (Bos Grunniens)

Objects：Bovine are more likely to occur pulmonary hypertension and rightventricular hypertrophy, caused mountain disease or brisket disease than otheranimals under the high altitude hypoxia conditions. Yak (Bos Grunniens) lived on thePlateau generations, however, shows―non-sensitive‖in such circumstance. CardiacPurkinje fibers are an important part of the conduction system of the heart, but itsdistribution and relationship between structure and adapt the yak heart plateauremains to be further studied. To study the distribution and structural characteristicsof the heart Purkinje fibers of yak, and to accumulate morphological and histologicalinformation for the study of ventricular conduction system of plateau mammals.Methods：Different age yaks was selected in the study, which lived hypoxiacircumstance (Altitude>3000m) generations healthily. Using gross anatomy, inkperfusion and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin infusion casts for observingthe distribution characteristics of adult yak cardiac Purkinje fibers. Application ofHistochemical and immunohistochemical study on morphology of Purkinje fibers indifferent parts of the structure, the degree of differentiation and gap junction43(Cx43), analysis of the histological structure and distribution of the Purkinje fibers ofconnective tissue sheath around.Results：1. Yak cardiac Purkinje fibers wrap around the bundle a connective tissue sheath, itsmain ingredient is collagen, connective tissue sheath invasion wrap Purkinje fibersgroup formation in its new Purkinje fibers. Along with the extension of the Purkinjefibers, connective tissue sheath thickness around it gradually decreases.2. Left ventricular and Purkinje fiber distribution of different paths in the rightventricle, left ventricle, Purkinje fibers by Ventricular septal wall of leftventricle-oriented extension; In the right ventricle, Purkinje fibers extend from thewall to the right ventricle with Ventricular septal.3. Left bundle branch block and right bundle branch is not a symmetrical distribution,right bundle branch block of the left bundle branch developed. After the left bundlebranch from His bundle, through the aorta in Ventricular septal myocardial layer onone-third in the next2or3branch lines. After the giving of right bundle branch fromHis bundle, through the myocardial septal papillary muscles root layer, separated bycolumns through the meat right in front of the right ventricular cavity papillary muscle of the roots has3or4branches in the myocardium.4. Ink perfusion cardiac Purkinje fibers observed in two-dimensional polygon meshdistribution in infective endocarditis; ABS resin infusion casts to the cardiac Purkinjefibers within the observed level branch was issued in three-dimensional distribution.The purkinje fibres in the subendocardial layer was found presented in atwo-dimensional polygonal reticulate structure, and sent out three-dimensionalbranches to the myocardium. No purkinje fibres were found on the papillary muscleof right and left ventricles. Four three-dimensional structures were found of thepurkinje fibres: scroll-shaped, honeycombed-shaped, funnel-shaped and ridge-shaped.5.Top of the papillary muscle membrane is not observed by Purkinje fiber distributionin, Purkinje fibers in the middle of the papillary muscle in the form of a fiber ringaround and to issue a large number of branches; Histological study shows that topcardiac Purkinje fiber distribution in the papillary muscles, ABS resin infusion caststudies prove that top of the papillary muscle cardiac Purkinje fibers belonging to itsroots in secondary branches of the Purkinje fibers.6. In ventricular myocytes in different parts, split level and morphological structure ofthe Purkinje fibers. As the Purkinje fibers from the left and right bundle branchesextending to the myocardium, Purkinje fibers round-oval shaped-beam-plate-shaped,its degree of cell division decreases.7. Purkinje fibers of adjacent between the films marked by immunohistochemicalreaction coloring, is positive; Purkinje fibers and Collagen fibers surrounding cellmembrane Cx43between immunohistochemical reaction coloring is not obvious, isnegative.Conclusion: First ABS resin infusion cast technique research of cardiac Purkinje fiberdistribution methods. Yak left bundle branch block and right bundle branch is not asymmetrical distribution, more developed left bundle branch. Yak cardiac Purkinjefibers in two-dimensional polygon mesh distribution in endocardial myocardial layersand branch are issued in three-dimensional distribution. Purkinje fibers formround-oval shaped-beam-plate-shaped. Purkinje cell membrane between the slotconnection.