Nutrient Cycling And Balance In Dairy Farm-vineyard Compound Ecosystem And Environment Assessment Of Dairy House

Research of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium cycling and balance in dairy farm-vineyard compound ecosystem provide some basic information for the assessment of their long-term sustainability. It will provide evidence for the comprehensive utilization and management of nutrient resources. And it is of great significance to reduce the environment impact. The conclusions are follows:1. The object of the study showed that: the concentration of hydrogen sulfide(H2S), ammonia (NH3) in cowshed were all accord with relative guideline. The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) was beyond the guideline. The temperature,humidity and wind speed in a part of time were both not accord with the guideline.In cowshed, temperature, humidity and wine speed had different impact on harmful gas. When temperature increased, the concentration of CO2 decreased, the concentration of H2S and NH3 increased.In testⅠperiod , there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of H2S and temperature, and if temperature increases 1℃, the concentration of H2S will increase 0.074mg/m3. When humidity increased, the concentration of H2S decreased, and the concentration of CO2 and NH3 increased. In testⅠperiod, if humidity increases 1%, the concentration of CO2 will increase 1401.334mg/m3. When wind speed increased, the concentration of harmful gas decreased, and the impact from wind speed had uncertain character.There was impact among the harmful gas. There was opposite trend between variation of CO2 and variation of H2S and between variation of NH3 and variation of H2S. There was uniform trend between variation of CO2 and variation of NH3.In testⅡperiod, there was the highest concentration of CO2 and NH3, and the lowest concentration of H2S. In testⅠperiod, there was the lowest concentration of NH3 and the highest concentration of H2S. There was the lowest concentration of CO2 in testⅣperiod. 2. In this study, the major nutrient input for dairy farm was feed, the imported nutrient from drinking water and wash water was below 1%. The manure was the major nutrient output for dairy farm of which most part were distributed to feces. The flux of nitrogen was the highest, and the flux of phosphorus was the lowest. The flux of Ca was greater than the flux of Mg, and the flux of Cu was greater than the flux of Zn. The application efficiency of herd of K was lower than the application efficiency of herd of N and P. The application efficiency of herd of Mg was lower than the application efficiency of herd of Ca. The application efficiency of herd of Cu was lower than the application efficiency of herd of Zn. The lower storaged ration of manure of P and Cu showed that P and Cu lost more in the process of management of manure. All of nutrient were surplus in the dairy farm subsystem. The surplus rate of P was over 70%, which was higher than the surplus rate of N and K. The surplus rate of Cu was as high as 96.83%. The negative effect on environment from P and Cu was most serious.3. The cycling of each nutrient was with different characteristics in vineyard. The major N input was matured organic fertilizer and the major N output was grape. For P and K, the major input was fertilizer, and the major output was trimming branch. Ca,Mg,Cu, and Zn were from organic fertilizer, irrigation water and feces, which were main from irrigation water and were exported via trimming branch. The flux of K was greater than the flux of N and P. The dependence on outside system input of Mg was bigger than the dependence on outside system input of Ca. For Cu and Zn, the dependence on outside system input of Zn was bigger. All of nutrients were surplus in vineyard, and the surplus rate were over 98%. The threat from surplus nutrients to environment should not be ignored.4. In compound ecosystem, the major nutrient resource was feed and inorganic fertilizer. N,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn were main from feed, and P and K were main from inorganic fertilizer. Nutrient were not major exported via agriculture production but manure. Nutrient from dairy farm flowed into vineyard mainly via organic fertilizer. Compared with subsystem, compound ecosystem owned greater flux of nutrient and lower surplus rate of nutrient that showed the stability and sustainability of compound ecosystem were better, and the negative effect on environment was smaller. However, the surplus rate of P and Cu were still so high, which were 80.19% and 96.84%, respectively. P and Cu were main nutrients that threatened environment. From the cycling and balance of nutrient point of view, dairy farm subsystem dominated in compound ecosystem. In a word, compound ecosystem is in favour of increase the application efficiency of nutrient and ease the environment pollution from dairy farm. However, the vineyard subsystem is not able to consume manure from dairy farm completely. There should be 1767~1325.8 acreage vineyard in order to consume manure from dairy farm completely, if expected yield per acre of grape is about 1500~3000kg. It is necessary to construct biogas pond with 500m3 volume based on existing biogas pound in order to treat entire manure from dairy farm.