Characteristics Of Soil Microbial, Enzyme Activities And Fertilizer Leaching In Newly Established Golf Green

Green, a small lawn zone around the golf course hole with fine management, is the most important zone of the golf course. Golf course grade is determined by the quality of the green turfgrass, while the later is determined by the substrate and the ecological environment of the green.In this paper, using medium-coarse sands, very fine sands, clay and peat as mixing ingredients,6kinds of green media formuli was constructed and experiment zone was designed by applying extreme vertex formulation experimental design and according to United States Golf Association (USGA) standard. And then, researches of six seasons for the6formuli were conducted on microbe (bacteria, fungi and actinomyces) number, enzyme activity, bermuda grass performances, leaching of Nitrate and phosphate fertilizers, and the relationship between these indexes. Main results were as following:(1) Comparing with the former green zones without grass, the soil microbe quantities and enzyme activities in newly established Bermuda grass root zone mixtures increased greatly, but were still obviously lower than the average level in natural soil. In addition, the microbe quantities, enzyme activity, biomass above and below the ground and grass quality in mixtures with peat were significantly higher than that in pure sandy mixtures.(2) There was a close relationship between the content of medium-coarse and peat in the mixture, the mixture pH and microbe quantity, enzyme activity and turf grass performances. The increase of soil microbe quantity and enzyme activity could promote the newly estabolished turf’s aboveground biomass, underground biomass in0-5cm,10-20cm, total underground biomass and turf’s visual quality, but had little influence on the underground biomass in5-10cm. Soil microbe and enzyme could promote golf green turf grass to grow healthly.(3) The lawn of formuli C, D and E showed relatively good apparent quality, reflecting good growing state and grass quality. Although the lawn’s apparent quality of formuli A, B and F was relatively low, the grass still grew well. Especially after later fertilization management, it demonstrated less difference in growth with that in formulation containing peat. Whether the formulation D and E with high level of peat would keep the advantages in long-term growth needs further research. (4) Great differences existed in fertilizer leaching among the6kinds of green media. The microbe quantity, enzyme activity and the underground biomass in summer and autumn all had influence on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching.(5) The leaching of Nitrate and ammonia was low and would not danger the water which could meet the class III even higher water requirement.(6) The total nitrogen leaching of fomuli A, B and F were high, and therefore could result in environment pollution; those of formula D and E were low and would not result in environment pollution; that of formula C was in the middle.(7) The total phosphorus leaching of formula A and C from August to September, and that of formula F from July to August were high, and could result in environment pollution; while these of formula D and E were low, and would not result in environment pollution.(8) Based on the above analysis, it could be concluded that the turf of formula D and E growed well, the fertilizer leaching of which were low, therefore formuli D and E were the best for newly estabolished golf green.