The Control For Ammonia Emission Of Pig Farm

With the rapid development of livestock husbandry, the odour pollution of livestock farm has become more and more severe, it not only harm the health of livestock and poultry, but also pollute the surrounding environment. Ammonia gas is one of the major components that cause foul smell in piggery, it is also an important index to evaluate the stench degree. This study investigated the effect of Acetohydroxamic acid, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Brewers Yeast as deodoriferant on pig manure by taking ammonia gas as a major investigation index. Besides, we studied the effect of compound deodorants on livestock and the validity of deodorization through animal testing. In vitro testWe mixed AHA, Bacillus subtilis (CFU≥20×109/g), Bacillus licheniformis (CFU≥20×109/g) and Brewers Yeast (CFU≥15×109/g) respectively with different proportion (AHA:0.15%,0.3%and0.6%; microbial:0.05%,0.1%and0.3%) in pig manure, to determine the content of ammonia gas, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, Urease activity and nitrite after24h,48h and72h of fermentation, to investigate the probably mechanism of NH3generation. The results indicated that AHA significantly inhibited the generation of NH3from pig manure, especially after72h, the NH3concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) and urease activity (P<0.05), especially the group with0.6%AHA which it was significant decreased after48h, while the content of NH4+-N significantly increased (P<0.05) in each group, the total nitrogen and nitrite concentration remain unchanged. That explain the possible reason of the lower NH3concentration was that NH3generated from urease was degraded and then part of it was immobilized by AHA as NH4+-N in pig manure. While Brewers Yeast has little effect on the concentration of NH3, total nitrogen, nitrite and the activity of urease, it could significantly increase the content of NH4+-N (P <0.05). Bacillus subtilis had little effect on the content of NH3, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrate NH4+-N and the activity of urease in pig manure.Bacillus licheniformis could significantly increase the ammonia content (41.87%) after48h treatment(P<0.05), but it hardly had any effect on the total nitrogen, nitrite, NH4+-N, urease activity. Escherichia coli(E. coli) and salmonella are main bacteria produced odour from pig manure, Cultured Beer yeast, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis with E. coli and Salmonella to determine the inhibition ratio of Micro-Biological additives on E. coli and Salmonella. This study shows that Micro-Biological additives had a limited inhibitory effect against E. coli and Salmonella, with a inhibition ratio of E. coli about64.07%,15.59%and56.35%, and of Salmonella about78.20%,80.60%and12.03%from each component respectively.Co-cultured the AHA and Micro-Biological Additives in according to ratio of AHA:brewers’ yeast=3:1; AHA:Bacillus licheniformis=60:1and AHA:bacillus subtilis=30:1, to investigate the effect of AHA on the growth of microorganism. The test results showed that AHA hardly had any effect on the growth and reproduction of three Micro-Biological Additives components, instead, AHA can promote the activity of brewer’s yeast.Animal testAccording to the results of in vitro experiment and related reports, we mixed AHA, beer yeast, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bentonite as feed additives, researched the effect of compound deodorants on mice and deodorization effect, we also studied the effect of compound deodorant on pigs and deodorization effect.Firstly,100weighted lOg mice were randomly assigned to5groups with4replicates in each treatment.The control was only provided with basal diet, the treatment were fed basal diet added0.1%,0.25%,0.5%and0.6%composite deodorants(Brewers’ yeast: Bacillus subtilis:Bacillus licheniformis:AHA:Bentonite=20:2:1:60:20) respectively, the trail stage was12day. During the experimental stage, we recorded the body weight and the feed intake everyday so as to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), when the trail was over,we picked two mice from each replicate group randomly and butchered to determine their viscera and blood physiological and biochemical indexes. The remaining12mice of each groups were divided into3replicates with4mice each, and used transparent plastic to cover their cage, only left2scavenge port so as to assay the concentration of the ammonia after24h,48h and72h. The results showed that composite deodorants had little effect on ADFI, ADG and organ coefficient(P>0.05), it demonstrated that composite deodorants are safe for mice. no significant effect on TP, UN and blood ammonia (P>0.05), and no eliminate effect on ammonia gas were found inside the mice cage, it demonstrated that composite deodorants significantly increased the concentration of the ammonia of mice cage.Secondly, we selected three well sealed hoggery with pig in good health, numbered1,2and3,each hoggery with4replicate each groups, roughly the same number. Before the experience, we determined the ammonia gas for3consecutive days, then the diet of group1,2and group3were added with0.15%,0.3%composite deodorants (AHA:Brewers’ yeast:Bacillus subtilis:Bacillus licheniformis:Bentonite=40:2:2:1:20) and0.2%AHA respectively for5days, subsequently, collected ammonia gas for the next3days so as to compare the ammonia gas concentration with the first3days, calculated deodorization ratio of these additives. Meanwhile, collected pig manure to assay feed conversion ratio. This study indicated that the concentration of ammonia gas of group1significantly decreased by30.53%compared with the first3days in this experience(P<0.05); The reduction of group2was not significant (P>0.05) for the ammonia concentration only decreased by20%. Group3has no significant different of ammonia concentration at pre-experiment and post-experiment (P<0.05), the other groups have an increasing trend but no significant differences (P>0.05) observed, feed protein apparent digestibility were significantly enhanced in all treatment groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:AHA could eliminate the ammonia gas of pig effluent directly, and could be mixed with probiotics without decreasing their activities, however, alone as additive to reduce pig ammonia had no significant effect. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Brewers’ yeast could effectively inhibit the reproduction of E. coll and salmonella in vitro, but this effect was not obvious to eliminate the ammonia gas by spraying them over pig manure directly.0.15%composite deodorants could eliminate the ammonia gas of hoggery effectively, and increase the dry matter digestibility of a feed; composite deodorants with different ratio and0.2%AHA could significantly increase the conversion efficiency of feed protein.