Studies Of The Salt-Tolerant Characteristic And Effect Of Salt And Fertilizar On Cichorium Intybus L.

The studies were included pot experiments in the greenhouse and field experiments in coastal mudflat. Sand culture was adopted to study the effects of seawater and fertilizer on growth, photosynthesi, antioxidant enzyme activities and ion absorption and distribution of European chicory seedlings. The field experiment was carried out in coastal mudflat in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province to study the effect of salt and fertilizer application coupling on length, thickness, aerial parts biomass, flesh root biomass, seed yields and ion absorption and distribution of European chicory in different concentrations salt soil and with irrigation of different concentrations seawater in2008. The main results obtained were as follows:Pot experiments in the greenhouse:1) Compared with the control, treating with10%seawater had less effection on the biomass, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis of chicory seedlings, suggesting that10%seawater did not significantly restrain the growth of chicory seedlings, while treating with20%,30%, and40%seawater decreased the biomass, chlorophyll content photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate significantly, indicating that higher concentration seawater inhibited the growth of chicory seedlings and lowered their carbon assimilation capacity.2) The Na+and Cl-contents in seedlings shoot and root increased with increasing seawater concentration, while the K+content was the highest under the stress of20%seawater. Like Na+and Cl-, the K+accumulation in root kept increasing with the increase of seawater concentration.3) Under the same phosphorus treatment, compared with the control, treating with15%seawater had less effect on the aerial parts and fleshy root biomass of European chicory seedlings. And the treatments35%and45%significantly reduced the biomass.4) When seawater concentration was lower than35%, the protective enzymes SOD prompted, and as the seawater concentration was45%, the SOD enzyme of European chicory seedlings showed a downward trend. And when phosphorus was8mmol/L and13mmol/L, the SOD, POD and CAT activity of the seedlings significantly increased with the increasing of the concentration of seawater. The MDA of the leaf advanced first, then reduced when Ommol/L and3mmol/L. And when taken at the seawater concentration of45%, it was already significantly higher than other treatment.Field experiments in coastal mudflat of Yancheng:1) Compared with the treatment of fresh water, the yields of the fleshy root and the aerial parts did not significantly decreased under20%seawater treatment, while the yields significantly decreased under40%seawater treatment. In the trials of N fertilization, the yields of fleshy root and the aerial parts under Treatment N3(90kg-hm-2)were significantly higher than under Treatment N1(0kg hm-2). In the tests on P fertilization, the yields of European chicory under Treatment P3(45kg-hm-2)were significantly higher than under Treatment P1(0kg hm-2). And the European chicory’ main stem got longer and thicker with the N and P application increasing under every seawater treatments.2) Analysis of the interactions of seawater, N and P for fleshy root and the aerial parts yields showed that Treatments W1N3(0kg-hm-2seawater,90kg-hm-2N) and W1P3(0kg-hm-2seawater,45kg·hm-2P)were the optimal combinations. Analysis of the interactions of seawater, N and P for seed yields showed that Treatments W2N3(20%seawater,90kg-hm-2N)and W1P2(0kg·hm-2seawater,22.5kg·hm-2P)were the optimal combinations. Seawater, N and P fertilizers application all led to significant differences in the yield of European chicory, especially seawater. The best combination of treatment for biological yields was W1N3P3(O kg·hm-2seawater,90kg-hm-2N,45kg·hm-2P), and the best combination of seed yields was W2N3P2(20%seawater,90kg·hm-2N,22.5kg-hm-2P).3) Compared with the treatment of S1(the salt concentration of soil was0.53-0.79g·kg-1), there was significant decrease of the fleshy root yields and was less effect on the yields of aerial parts and the stem length of European chicory in S2(the salt concentration of soil was1.09-1.28g·kg-1). The seed yields in S2was even higher than S1. There was significant decrease of the aerial parts yields, fleshy root yields, seed yields and stem length in S3(the salt concentration of soil was1.39-1.48g·kg-1)with an increase of salt concentration of soil. There was significant increase of the aerial parts yields, fleshy root yields, seed yields and stem length with the N and P application increasing under every salt soil.4) Under the same N and P fertilizer treatment, Leaf and fleshy root K/Na content decreased significantly with an increase of salt concentration of soil, and have reached a minimum in S3; Under the same salt concentration of soil, K/Na content increased significantly with the increasing concentration treatment of N, P, and were taken in N3(P3) when the highest; Under the same N fertilizer treatment, Sk, Na (leaf, root) decreased significantly with an increase of salt concentration of soil, and reached the minimum in S3. Under the same salt concentration of soil, Sk, Na(leaf, root) increased significantly with the increasing concentration of N, and were taken in N3when the highest.5) Analysis of the yields of European chicory showed that Salt soil, N and P fertilizers application all led to significant differences in the yield of European chicory, especially salt soil. The best combination of treatment for biological yields was S1N3P3(the salt concentration of soil was0.53-0.79g·kg-1,90kg-hm-2N、45kg·hm-2P), and the best combination of seed yields was S2N3P3(the salt concentration of soil was1.09-1.28g-kg-1,90kg·hm-2N、45kg·hm-2P).