The Characteristics Of Soil Erosion Study Of Various Soil And Water Conservation Tillage Measures On Black Sloping Land

Slope farmland soil erosion is the main restricting factor of grain continued increasing yield in northern arid areas of China, the study of the effect of soil and water conservation of slope farmland soil and water conservation tillage measures has a great significance to the agricultural production and ecological environment protection in northern arid areas of China. As the serious slope farmland soil erosion in Heilongjiang province, It is a chronic assignment to solve the slope farmland soil erosion problem and develop the slope farmland soil and water conservation. In view of serious soil erosion problems on the western black sloping land, different soil and water conservation tillage measures, such as ridge tillage, subsoiling, cross slope cultivation, no-till tillage and etc. were studied. The5degrees slope farmland runoff slot of Dong xing Village Qiqihaer City in Heilongjiang Province was chosen to study the effects of different tillage measures on surface runoff, soil erosion, rainfall infiltration and moisture utilization efficiency. Then the effects of water and soil conservation of different tillage measures were evaluated comprehensively, which could provide the necessary theoretical supports for local development of water-saving agriculture. Research conclusions were as follows:(1)Different effects of various soil and water conservation tillage, cross slope no-till tillage is the best treatment, with a water storage function of sediment reduction, followed by effects of the pros and cons were:cross slope tillage> subsoiling and ridge tillage> ridge tillage> no-till tillage> minimum-till subsoiling tillage> conventional tillage> bare land.(2)Under the same tillage measure, if rainfall lasted long time with low-intensity, the water infiltration rate is bigger, stable infiltration point appeared earlier and the trend of infiltration curve will much more smooth, runoff coefficient gradually increase with the extention of time Conversely, if rainfall lasted short time with high-intensity, the infiltration of rainfall will be too late, there would be greater runoff, stronger destruction to the slope land and more relative sediment rate of runoff.(3)Different tillage effects of various water and soil conservation tillage,according to the descending order of change in water storage:cross slope no-till tillage> cross slope tillage> subsoiling and ridge tillage> ridge tillage> minimum-till subsoiling tillage> no-till tillage> conventional tillage> bare land. Significant diversity with water reservation of various soil layers under different tillage measures, strong affected by rainfall and transpiration on surface soil with much more extent to water reservation. By contrast, due to the delayed rainfall and freeze-thaw action of soil moisture deeper soil has small degree of change on soil moisture and water reservation.(4)Different tillage measures have a greater impact to crop evapotranspiration. Crop has better growing and more evapotranspiration with less runoff and stronger rainfall storage role of different tillage measures. By contrast, crop will has worse growing and less evapotranspiration with much more runoff and low utilization rate of rainfall.(5)Using water and soil conservation tillage techniques cannot only reduce the sloping soil erosion while increase the amount of soil and water infiltration, played the role of water and soil conservation and greatly improving water use efficiency of soil.