Ecological Technologies Of Penaeus Vannamei Culture And Analysis On Microbial Community From The Culture Water

With the rapid development of Penaeus vannamei farming culture, shrimp diseasesturn to be an increasingly serious problem. The deterioration of water quality in theshrimp culture system is an important factor which leads to the deterioration of physicaland resistance, even the death of shrimps. Beneficial bacterium can improve waterquality, and the antibiotic or bacteriocin secreted by some bacteria could kill pathogenicbacteria. However, the research methods of traditional microbial ecology is only used toidentify the limited culutred microorganism, we cannot obtain a deep perspective of thecommunity structure of microorganism.Therefore there is an important task for us todevelop the current culture by new and eco-farming technologies. In addition,wastewater rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic, emission from Penaeus vannameifarming culture ponds without treatment, would have an adverse effect on regionalecological environment, which isnot conducive to the sustainable development ofPenaeus vannamei farming. So we need to explore effective ways to improve waterquality in Penaeus vannamei farming, sewage purification of sewage, virus detection, aswell as water research on the relationship between changes in microbial communities indifferent breeding periods of water research.1. The waterquality inprovement by the bottom automatic aerator,bio-nets in the pondsfor penaeus vannamel farmingBottom automatic aerator （BAA） and the bio-nets （BN） were used to control thewater quality of the ponds for Penaeus vannamei farming. Results showed that:（1） theDO level in BAA pond kept at high level during the Penaeus vannamei farming whilethe DO level in the traditional automatic aerator （TAA） pond decreased （by53.8%）. Thelevel of NH₃-N and active phosphate increased more slowly in BN pond than in BAApond during the later stage of Penaeus vannamei farming. The COD_Mnlevel was alwayslower in BAA pond than in TAA pond during the whole farming.（2） The level of NH3-Nand COD_Mnwas much lower in BN pond than in the pond without BN, the more BN thelower COD_Mn. It is dedicated that the bottom automatic aerator and the bio-net usedtogether can improved the water quality in pond and Penaeus vannamei production.2.Wetland system study on purification of sewage for Penaeus vannamei farmingWater was purified by simple wetland with pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonianitrogen, nitrite, and COD_Mnand BOD5of culture sewage improved: the pH valuedropped from8.025to7.425around, close to the index of the natural environment, weakly alkaline; dissolved oxygen （DO） increase from5.625mg/L to7.325mg/L,improving the dissolved oxygen value of emissions water; ammonia nitrogen value fallfrom0.1625mg/L to0.075mg/L,53.8%of purification efficiency; ammonia nitrousvalue fall from0.0425mg/L to0.015mg/L,64.7%of purification efficiency; COD_Mnvalues fall from8.275mg/L down to3.025mg/L,63.4%of purification efficiency; BOD5fall from10.5mg/L to5.25mg/L,50%of purification efficiency. From the above dataand intuitive discovery, there was a strong ability of wetlandto purify waste water.wetland systems can be used as a drain, ornamental, waste in one set. We suggest thatthe establishment of wetland by10%of aquaculture ponds in farm area, planting reeds,wild rice, water, peanut, vane grass, and you can bring the waste water to countrypond-water discharge standards.Artificial wetland （AW） was also used to filter the wastewater from Penaeusvannamei farming ponds. Results showed that after filtered with AW, the quality of thewastewater from the framing ponds was improved much, TN decreased from2.32μg/mL to0.76μg/mL, TP from0.75μg/mL to0.05μg/mL, COD_Mnfrom12.23μg/mLto5.9μg/mL. It is dedicated that the bottom automatic aerator and the bio-net usedtogether can improved the water quality in pond and Penaeus vannamei production. Theartificial wetland can improve the wastewater quality from the farming ponds andwastewater quality filtered with wetland meets the national standard.3. Penaeus vannamei virus detection and water microbial community analysisexperimentThis experiment, due to the feature of Penaeus vannamei shrimp virus disease highincidence, use PCR molecular biology diagnosis technology, monitoring virus diseasesof Penaeus vannamei on Fengxian area in June to September, then for the incidence ofshrimp ponds to collect water samples of the breeding stage, and PCR-DGGE analysisof microbial, coming following conclusions:（1） culture water in the microbial of typeas culture stage changes, summer microbial communities in higher abundance;（2）Analysis come to the advantage microorganisms colonies of the common shrimp pond;（3） Comparing the non-incidence of shrimp and the incidence shrimp microbial deriveVibrio is a major pathogen incidence shrimp. Clarify the relationship between differentmicrobiological composition water quality and shrimp diseases, then speciesclassification, identification of microorganisms.