Constant On Direct Seeding Of Early Season Rice Situation And Introductive Cultivation Of Japonica Rice In Heng Lake Farm

In this thesis, based on the many years of direct seeding rice cultivation characteristics of Heng Lake farm, an investigation of current situation of Heng Lake farm early direct seeding rice was done, Meanwhile, an initial localization experiment was conducted to determine the agronomic performance of different japonica rice varieties in Henghu Farm, the main survey and experiment results was show as follows.During2005-2011, the area, total production and yields of direct-seeding rice had been growing rapidly on Henghu farm. The accumulative area of direct-seeded rice has reached15,000ha from2005to2011. The main varieties were Jiayu948, Jiayu173and Xiangzhaoxian45, and thus were selected as representative ones in our survey. According to the farmers’age, farming experience and cultural knowledge,18representative farmers were selected to investigate the yield components and actual yield of direct-seeded rice. Results showed that Jiayu948, Jiayu173and Xiangzhaoxian45were selected as the main promoted varieties. The seeding date was always between late March and early April for early season rice, and between late July and early August for the cropping late rice. The amount of rice seed and its impact on yield revealed that the optimal seed should be4-4.5kg per667m2. And the survey showed the differences of farm in fertillizer types and fertilizer level on rice yield components. The survey found that the effective rice panicles and the actual yield is not very high for some farmers, and the yield of direct seeding rice was lower than transplanting rice, however, as the labor costs and seeding coonsumption was saved, therefore, the final net income was106.8Yuan and102.5Yuan/667m2higher for direct seeding rice than transplanting and throw seedling rice, repectively.In comparison with two indica hybrid rice varieties (II-you838and Tianyouhuazhan), a field experiment was conducted to investigate the ecological adaptability of28japonica rice varieties and their suitable sowing dates. The results showed that:with delayed sowing, the whole growth period of the japonica rice was significantly shortened. The growth period of20japonica inbred rice varieties was116-138d with an average of124.5d at the sowing date of30May. The growth duration of8japonica hybrid rice was114-141d with an average of129.9d, which was6-7days and12days longer compared with two indica rice varieties. The growth duration of20japonica inbred and8japonica hybrid rice varieties averaged115.6d and116.6d at the sowing date of19June, respectively, with about3-d shortening as compared with the two indica hybrid rice. The plant height, leaf length and width of the top three leaves of the japonica inbred rice were significantly less than the japonica hybrid rice and indica hybrid rice. Correlation analyses showed that plant height, leaf length and width of the third leaf showed a significant parabolic correlation with yield. The yield components of different japonica rice varieties were mainly depended on the performance of effective panicles and the total grain number per panicle. Based on the actual yield, japonica inbred rice varieties such as Ningeng1, Zhendao10, Xiushui134, Zhejing22, Xiushui09, and japonica hybrid rice varieties such as Egeng3, Changyou1, Yongyou8, Chunyou58were selected as the9high-yielding varieties at the sowing date of30May. At the sowing date of19June, japonica hybrid rice including Yongyou8and Chunyou58was the high-yielding varieties. Based on the results from field experiments combined with the current industry structure and demand of rice in Jiangxi, we discussed the prospect, challenges and trend of japonica rice industry in Jiangxi Province.