| Phyllostachys edulis Mazel ex H. Lehaie is a tree-like bamboo clonal species with strong guerrilla expansion to its adjacent forests by rhizomes, which had impacted a series of effects on its adjacent, but the knowledge of its mechanism is far from being adequate. Non-structural carbohydrates are regulative metabolites, whose temporal-spatial distribution and translocation are closely related to plant growth and development.In order to study the relationship between Ph. edulis expansion and NSC distributions, the NSC (soluble sugar and starch) contents in different organs in all ages and seasons were determined and analyzied using a same rhizome-different age samplings, attenuant acid hydrolysis and Anthrone-sulfuric methods in Dagangshan mountain, Jiangxi province.The results indicated that:(1) The NSC components had different distribution patterns the total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose content decreased from old to young bamboo in the process of ph. edulis clonal expansion. while the starch was highest in3years old bamboos. The order of mean annual total soluble sugar content was:above3years old bamboo (3.67-4.96%)>2years old bamboo (3.31%)> the new one (3.24%); sucrose was:1.82-2.43%,1.63%,1.31%; fructose was:(1.36-1.83%),1.25%,1.08%:starch was:9.90-13.09%,8.08%.5.82%.(2) There were obvious seasonal variations in the NSC components of ramet bamboos in all ages. Both total soluble sugar and fructose content in new bamboo were highest in April (shoot stage), with the value of6.87%and4.08%respectively, and lowest in May (height growth stage), with the value of1.13%and0.43%respectively, then increased with the young bamboo grew. The seasonal variation of sucrose was similar to the2sugars ahead. For2years old bamboo, the content of total soluble sugar, sucrose and frucrose all were lowest in April, with the value of2.07%,0.48%and0.90%, respectively. For above3years old bamboo, the soluble sugar were lowest in May but relatively high in April, the starch of all ages different from soluble sugar were declined decease with the new bamboo growth. The2years old bamboo started to decrease in April. Above3years old bamboo started to decrease until the shoot began to grow fast in May,1month later than2years old bamboo, indicating that the growth of new bamboo was closely related to2years old bamboo than others.(3) Different organs, played different roles in the process of Ph. edulis expansion. Leaves had the highest total soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose contents, with the value of5.92%.3.58%and2.16%respectively, and lowest starch (6.14%). Bases had the highest starch (20.12%). Culms and rhizomes had relatively higher total soluble sugar (4.14%). only after to leaves, while the starch lower. Roots (base roots and rhizome roots) had the lowest total soluble sugar, while with higher starch, only second to bases.(4) The NSC contents in rhizomes had clearly seasonal variation in ph. edulis expansion. The highest total soluble sugar, surcrose sucrose, fructose appeared in rhizome tips, with the value of5.66%,1.80%,3.40%respectively, but there was no significant difference among other parts. The starch content increased with the age of rhizome decreased. The NSC content in different bamboo rhizome parts showed different seasonal changes. The soluble sugar in rhizome tips were lowest in May and highest in October, the starch was highest in April and relatively lower in May. For other rhizome parts, the soluble sugar and starch were highest in March and lower in May. These variations may own to the rhythm of rhizome and bamboo growth(5) The NSC contents in new culms and bases had positive correlations with that of rhizomes, new bamboo NSC rising with the decline of NSC in rhizome, indicating that the carbohydrates demanded for new bamboo growth came from rhizomes. And soluble sugar contents in leaves of above3years old bamboo had positive correlations with that in new culms and bases. indicating that the photosynthesis of old bamboo could had influences on the growth for new bamboo.These findings were helpful to understand carbon integration in bamboo clone system, the relationship between clonal expansion and NSC distributions, and to give us insight into the physiological ecological mechanism of Ph.edulis expansion to adjacent forests. |
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