Effects Of Different Pretreatment On The Corms Physiological Activity Of The Amorphophallus

Currently, Amorphophallus is the only one cash crop providing large amount of Glucomannan (KGM) which is widely used in fields of food, medicine, chemical industry and environmental protection etc. In recent years, with continuous development of the Amorphophallus functions, demands for Amorphophallus in domestic and foreign were increasing year by year, which leads to the Amorphophallus planting area expand. However, in actual production, Amorphophallus is generally reaped in high humidity and low temperature season which is not available to conduct the dehydration of the corms. Furthermore, Amorphophallus has long dominant period (4-5months), and the corm easily gets injured as its thin periderm and high content of moisture. Therefore, the technique of safely and quickly dehydration is pressing need at present for the purpose of storage and cultivation of the Amorphophallus. In this paper, by researching the effects of different high temperatures and dehydration rate on the activity of corms, I mastered some physiological and biochemical index to explore the best way of safely and quickly dehydration, and then provided a theoretical basis for the production. The main conclusions were shown as follows:1. By determining the physiological and biochemical index of different ages of the A.albus and A.konjac storing under natural conditions, showed that:With the extension of storing time, POD, PPO, SOD activity and MDA, Soluble Sugar decreased and then increased. Pro content fluctuated firstly followed by rising. Conductivity increased at first and then decreased, but changed little. Soluble Protein content increased before decreasing. Starch content decreased gradually. All of those indexes accorded with metabolic process. Moreover, on January26th when the minimum temperature was about5℃, rhizome of A.konjac suffered chilling injury which was proved by the significantly increase of enzyme activity, Pro content, MDA content and Soluble Protein. 2. By treating the A.albus and A.konjac under high temperature, showed that: When of the rhizome of A.albus was dealt at55℃4hours, the POD, PPO, SOD activity and Pro, MDA content were enhanced, and the Conductivity was increased, was19.514%, but not big, which led to the safe storage; When the rhizome of A.konjac was at55℃4hours, the POD, PPO, SOD activity and Pro, MDA content were conspicuously enhanced, and the Conductivity was increased about44.514%, which led to inconducive storage; When the annual corm dealt at60℃and the biennial corm dealt at65℃4hours, their POD, PPO and SOD activity were decreased significantly, the Pro and MDA content were conspicuously enhanced, and the Conductivity was increased which was higher than50%, which were not conducive to the safe storage.3. By dehydration treatment to the A.albus and A.konjac at40℃, showed that: When treating the materials, the rhizome and the biennial corm of the A.albus should be less than20%of their own water content; the annual corm of the A.albus should be less than30%, the rhizome and the biennial corm of the A.konjac should be less than25%and the annual corm of the A.konjac should be less than35%. If not, the materials’ activity would decrease which were not conducive to the safe storage.4. By dealing with the A.albus and A.konjac at different high temperatures and dehydration rates, it showed that:when the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the rhizomes of A.albus at45℃and20%,50℃and10%,50℃and20%,50℃and20%,45℃and15%, respectively, their activities were the highest. When the Conductivity of the rhizomes of A.albus at50℃and15%, it was significantly increased, which was higher than50%. When the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the annual corm of the A.albus at45℃and15%,45℃and20%,50℃and15%,50℃and20%,45℃and10%respectively, their activities were the highest. And when the Conductivity of the annual corm of A.albus at55℃and10%, it was significantly increased, which was higher than50%.When the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the biennial corm of the A.albus at50℃and10%,50℃and15%,50℃and10%,55℃and10%,55℃and10%respectively, their activities were the highest. And when the Conductivity of the biennial corm of A.albus at50℃and10%, it was the lowest, which was lower than50%.When the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the rhizomes of A.konjac at40℃and10%,45℃and10%,50℃and20%,50℃and20%,45℃and20%respectively, their activities were the highest. And when the Conductivity of the rhizomes of A.konjac at50℃and20%, it was significantly increased, which was higher than50%.When the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the annual corm of the A.konjac at 50℃and20%,45℃and15%,55℃and15%,55℃and15%,55℃and15%respectively, their activities were the highest. And when the Conductivity of the annual corm of A.konjac at55℃and15%, it was significantly increased, which was higher than50%.When the POD, PPO, SOD, Pro and MDA of the biennial corm of the A.konjac at50℃and20%,50℃and20%,55℃and20%,60℃and15%,50℃and15%respectively, their activities were the highest. And when the Conductivity of the biennial corm of A.konjac at60℃and10%, it was significantly increased, which was higher than50%. Therefore, the rhizome, the annual corm and the biennial corm of the A.albus all at50℃and10%, the rhizome of the A.konjac at45℃and15%, the annual corm of the A.konjac at50℃and10%, and the biennial corm of the A.konjac at55℃and10%were the best ways to safely and quickly dry.5. By the chemical treatment to the rhizome of the A.albus, the rhizome of the A.konjac and the annual corm of the A.konjac, showed that:the materials dealt with20%calcined lime emulsion was the best method, and the rot rate was0.The above results suggested that:With the increasing age, the ability to withstand high temperature was enhanced. In the test of dehydration treatment, with the increasing dehydration rate, Annual corm’s ability to withstand dehydration was better than the rhizome and biennial materials, and the A.konjac was better than the A.albus. The best way of safely and quickly losing water dehydration was that:the rhizome, the annual corm and the biennial corm of the A.albus were kept at50℃and10%, the rhizome of the A.konjac was kept at45℃and15%, the annual corm of the A.konjac at was kept at50℃and10%, and the biennial corm of the A.konjac at was kept at55℃and10%.