The Effect Of Cigarette Smoking On Fertility In Male Mice

The harm of tobacco has become one of the most serious problemsin the world, which does harm to people’s health. A large number ofclinical observation and animal experiments prove that smoking candamage the body’s various tissues and organs (such as kidney, lung, liverand testis)，causing cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, infertility andother diseases, with the result of doing great harm to people’s health. Thedamage to the reproductive system, in particular, has become the hotissue. Long-term smoking will cause harmful substances (Carbonmonoxide, nicotine and cadmium etc.) in cigarettes absorbed into thebloodstream and accumulated in high concentration gradually, with theresult of influencing the normal Physiological conditions and inducing aseries of pathological lesions.ObjectiveWe established the model of smoking mice to study the effects ofsmoking on the pathological change of the testis and the influence onfertility in male mice in order to explore the impact on the morphology ofhuman testicular tissue, with the aim to provide reliable experimental datafor a comprehensive study of the impact of smoking on human health.Methods We used C57BL/6J mice (six year-old) to conduct our research andestablished the models of smoking mice and non-smoking mice. Fortymale mice were divided randomly into smoking group (n=20) and controlgroup (no smoking)(n=20). After two weeks of treatment with smoking,the smoking mice were mated with the normal C57BL/6J female mice.Later, the birth number, survival number, death number of its off-springs,and the total number, survival number, density and survival rate of thesperm were observed and analyzed. Furthermore, with the aim to find thepathological change of the testis, we removed the testis from the malemice to conduct the pathological slice and HE staining.ResultsThe total number of the sperm (1.26×105/mL) of the smoking miceis far obviously smaller than that (2.13×105/mL) of the non-smokingmice (P<0.01); the survival number of the sperm (4.5×104/mL) of thesmoking mice is far obviously smaller than that (1.51×105/mL) of thenon-smoking mice (P<0.01); the density of the sperm (1.381×107/mL) ofthe smoking mice is far obviously smaller than that (2.349×107/mL) ofthe non-smoking mice (P<0.01); the survival rate of the sperm (36%) ofthe smoking mice is smaller than that (71%) of the non-smoking mice(P<0.05).In experimental group, leydig cell became blurred or evendisappeared, in seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cells reduced at all levels．Sperm reduced within the lumen, at the same time occurred aseries of pathological changes，such as a large number of sperm gotabnormal. The birth rate of the off-springs of the smoking mice isobviously26.03%lower than that of the non-smoking mice (P<0.05); thesurvival rate (88%) of the smoking mice is far obviously smaller than that(94%) of the non-smoking mice (P<0.01); the death rate (12.04%) of thesmoking mice is far obviously larger than that (6.16%) of thenon-smoking mice (P<0.01).ConclusionsSmoking can cause serious problems to reproductive system, leadingto Pathological changes morphologically and dysfunction. It’ll causeserious pathological changes of reduced spermatogenic cells and reducedactive sperm and increased abnormal sperm, with the result of reducednumber of births and survivals in the off-springs.