Controlled Synthesis Of Polymer Nanoparticles Via Microwave Irradiation

Functional polymer microspheres are the polymer nanoparticles with many special properties. Depending on the different characteristics of their shapes, they can be divided into many types such as solid hollow, single-hole and multy-holes,etc. Also depending on the various functions, they can be classified into other types like temperature sensitivity, pH sensitivity, magnetic and biocompatibility,etc. The bigger specific surface area, higher surface adsorption capacity, under control design of the structures, biocompatibility are the main characteristics of the functional polymer microspheres. Besides,their microspheres in dimensions, distributions and shapes also have typical features. Based on the excellent characteristics, the functional polymer microspheres have been widely used in various fields such as electronic, biological and energy, etc. Especially, in the field of biomedical, the functional polymer microspheres have played an important role in the drug vector, imaging, sensors and intelligent medical devices, etc, which demonstrates the powerful vitality and the enormous development space. Besides, in the aspects of the drug control and release, the enzyme immobilization, the functional polymer microspheres also play an important part, and show great value for development. As the extensive application backgrounds and the strong market demand, the syntheses and preparation techniques of the functional polymer microspheres have gained more and more attentions from broad masses of scientific researchers all over the world. The paper chooses "Controlled synthesis of polymer nanoparticles via Microwave radiation" as its studying subject, which mainly includs the following aspects of works:1、A simple syntheses and preparation technique of monoporous polystyrene microspheres is innovatively introduced, and the effects of the monomer, emulsifier, initiator, surfactant Triton on the syntheses and preparation have been carefully experimentally investigated. Taking the method of emulsion polymerization through the template-free method to make the rapid polymerization of styrene under the condition of the microwave radiation, the formation of uniform monoporous polymer microspheres can be obtained directly with only one step. Effects of the monomer styrene, polyethylene pyrrolidine emulsifier, initiator azobisisobutyronitrile, surfactant Triton X-100, and reaction time on the polystyrene microspheres particle size and pore size have been analyzed experimentally, and best experimental conditions are obtained for preparing good dispersion and uniform pore size distribution of Monoporous polystyrene microspheres. The experiments show that the initiator azobisisobutyronitrile is very important to the formation of single-hole, and a fabrication single-hole dispersion of polystyrene microspheres only can be obtained with an appropriate amount of AIBN in a certain range. In addition, good dispersion of solid polystyrene microspheres are also prepared using the same method. The main typical advantages of the experimental syntheses and preparation technique are simple, convenient, fast and environmentally friendly, and applying to the preparation of other monoporous polymer microspheres.2、Under the conditions of the microwave irradiation, through the emulsion polymerization method, temperature-sensitive microspheres with PSt as kernels and PNIPAM as shells can be prepared in a very short time. The effect of the monomer styrene on the temperature-sensitive microspheres and the effects of the initiator ammonium persulfate, the reaction power of the microwave and the reacting time on distributions of the particle sizes are experimentally investigated. Besides, surfactant SDS on the particle sizes and the temperature sensitivity of the microspheres are also studied.3、Under microwave irradiation conditions, with ethanol as the solution and AIBN as the reductant, the silver nanoparticles are prepared. And further research of the effects of the ontology of AgNO3, polyethylene pyrrolidine protective agent and reducing agent such as AIBN on the Ag nanoparticles are carried out. Then, depending on this study, by adding styrene monomer, the polystyrene / Ag antimicrobial microspheres are prepared with the wrapped method.