| Objective: The paraquat(paraquat,PQ)is used widely as an herbicide inour country rural,has greatly toxic to the human. Because there are not specialeffects antidote,sothe mortality rate is high. At present, the paraquat is alreadyprohibited to use in many countries in the world. The main organs injury islung after paraquat intoxication, In the early stage, paraquat intoxication cancause acute lung injury and cause pulmonary fibrosis in the last stage,paraquat intoxication patients will cause respiratoryin the failure.The pathogenesis of paraquat intoxication cause acute lung injury is notclear, generally thinks that paraquat intoxication formes too much oxygen freeradicals, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. It induces lipid peroxidation anddamage alveolar cells directly.It make aleolar epithelial cells secrete, syntheticalveolar surface active substances reduce relevant. At present paraquatintoxication treatment method includes wash the stomach, remove toxic,remove oxygen free radicals, apply the immune inhibitors and hormones,hemodialysis, hemoperfusion.Ambroxol hydrochloride is a widely used widely treatment of respiratorydiseases drugs, its main function is eliminate sputum. In recent years,wefound that ambroxol hydrochloride have anti-inflammatory and promote thealveolar type Ⅱ cells secrete, synthetic alveolar surface active material. SP-Dis surface active material related proteins by the alveolar type Ⅱcells secrete,synthetic. People found the SP-D plays a very important in acute lung injury.Therefore we designed this experiment used to observe SP-D changes ofthe relevant effects in paraquat intoxication creats acute lung rats,andevaluation ambroxol hydrochloride,s function to treat paraquat intoxication.Methods: One hundred and twenty male rats,weghting250-300g, were randomly divided into threegroup:(1)Nsgroup(n=24)the same volume of0.9%saline.was injected into rats abdominal cavity every day.(2)Pqgroup(n=48),2%paraquat(30mg/㎏) was injected into rats abdominal cavity.(3)ATgroup(n=48), ambroxol hydrochloride(40mg/㎏) was injected into ratsabdominal cavity every day after paraquat intoxication. PQ group and ATgroup were randomly divided into four groups again at time, respectively for1d,3d,5d,7d the experimental group.There were only12rats in each group.NS group was divided into four groups,for1d,3d,5d,7d group at four timepoint randomly.there were6rats each time. We take venous blood to usedto detect number of WBC and percentage of PMN; take artery blood tomeasure PaO2. Take the rat left lung line HE and immunohistochemical, toobserve the lung tissue morphological changes and SP-D expression inthe lung tissue.Right lung was detect by the western blot method tomeasure lung tissue SP-D content. All data was analysis by statisticalsoftware SPSS13.0. The one way analysis of variance was used amongdifferent groups. All data was expressed as mean±SD. P﹤0.05wasconsidered statistically significant.Result:1The rats performance that were inject into paraquat and ambroxolhydrochloride.After rats were injection of paraquat, They showed anorexia,polypnoea, slow-moving, lags in response. Part of the rat mouth and nose havea small amount of mucus secretion. Paraquat intoxication rats symptomdecreased after treatment by ambroxol hydrochloride., There were not foundany special expressions in NS group.2The quantity of WBC and percentage of PMN in venous blood2.1The quantity of WBC in venous bloodThe quantity of WBC were not significantly difference among NS groupsat different time points(P﹥0.05). PQ group were significantly higher thanNS group at the same time(P﹤0.01). The quantity of WBC in AT group wasincreased, the quantity of WBCwasdecreased by trea tment of ambroxolhydrochloride. But it was still higher than the NS group at the same time(P﹤ 0.01).In the first day,there was no significant different between AT group andPQ group (P﹥0.05), It was lower than those of PQ group at3d,5d7d(P﹤0.01).2.2The percentage of PMN in venous bloodThere was no significant different among NS group. The percentage ofPMN of PQ group was beginto rise at the first day, PQ group compared withNS group were significantly increased at the same time(P﹤0.01). At thefirst day,it was no obvious difference between PQ group and AT group(P﹥0.05).it was decreased obviously at5d,7d(P﹤0.01). But AT group wassignificant higher than NS group at the same time (P﹤0.01).2.3Change of PaO2in arterial bloodThere was no significant different among NS group(P﹥0.05). PaO2ofPQ group gradually decreased,it were significantly lower than NS group at thesame time (P﹤0.01).AT group were all lower than NS group at the sametime (P﹤0.01). Compared with the PQ group, it was no obviouslydifference at the first day(P﹥0.05), AT group began to increase at3d,5d,7d,it was significant different (P﹤0.01).3The lung tissue pathology morphological observation3.1The lung tissue general sample observationThe lung preparatioin Nsgroup hadnormalcolour,size,morphology,smoothand soft surface,it had not bleeding and inflammatory exudate,congestion,edema. The cut surface had not mucosal exudation.The lungpreparation in NSgroup was dark red, volume become larger, qualitativetoughening, seriously congestion and edema in lung surface, petechialhemorrhages were found in partial lober of lung,The lung tissue surface hadshallow red cataclysm.AT group color of lung tissue was lighter than PQgroup, congestion and edema were better, petechial hemorrhages were foundin partial lober of lung, the cut surface had a little mucosal exudation.3.2HE stains by light-microscopy.Alveolar structure was complete, in apple-pie order, homogeneousdistribution.There was no inflammatory cells to infiltrate in the alveolar cavity. alveolar and pulmonary parenchyma had congestion and edema, alveolarseptum thicken and neutrophilic infiltrate. The alveolar cavity had cataclysmOf the color pink. In extreme cases,We found that congestion and edema wereobviously in alveolar and pulmonary parenchyma, and part of the alveolar wasatelectatic, hyperplasia of fibroblast, the alveolar cavity had much ofcataclysmwith red blood cells. AT group compared with PQ group, congestion andedema were obviously alleviated.4The result of immunohistochemical staining and western blot4.1Immunohistochemical observations lung tissue SP-D expression4.1.1Light-microscopy observations lung tissue SP-D expressionincytomembrane and cytoplasm. In NS group,SP-D particles were found incytomembrane and cytoplasm. SP-D in the lung tissue express significantlyweakened in PQ group, SP-D in the lung tissue express of AT group wasbecome weaker than PQ group.4.1.2There was no significant difference forSP-D positive cells of severaldifferent time among NS group (P﹥0.05). PQ group compared with NSgroup, SP-D positive cells were significantly decreased at the same time(P﹤0.01). The SP-D positive cells of AT group were all lower than NS group,there was significant difference (P﹤0.01);AT group compared with thePQ group, it was no obviously difference at the first day(P﹥0.05), ATgroup began to increase at3d,5d,7d,it was significant different (P﹤0.01).4.2Western blot method to detect SP-D in the lung tissue expressionThere was no significant difference for lung SP-D content severaldifferent time among NS group (P﹥0.05). PQ group Compared with NSgroup, The lung SP-D content were all lower obviously, there wassignificant difference (P﹤0.01).AT group Compared with PQ group, Thelung SP-D content were not significant difference (P﹤0.01). After usingambroxol hydrochloride, there was significant difference (P﹤0.01). therewas significant difference between NS group and PQ group (P﹤0.01).Conclusion:1After rats were paraquat intoxication, the quantity of WBC and percentage of PMN in venous blood were all lower obviously, PaO2graduallydecreased.It was one of main factors for paraquat intoxication inducedinflammatory reaction cause acute lung injury.2After rats were paraquat intoxication,, SP-D in the lung tissue express of ATgroup was become weaker and the lung SP-D content were all lowerobviously by immunohistochemical staining and western blot method.Thatshowed paraquat intoxication made alveolar surface active substancessynthesis reduced, it was an important role in the paraquat intoxication causeacute lung injury.3Using ambroxol hydrochloride, the quantity of WBC and percentage ofPMN in venous blood were all decreased obviously for paraquat intoxicationrats, PaO2gradually increased. SP-D in the lung tissue express graduallybecame stronger, the lung SP-D content were all higher obviously. Our studydemonstrated that ambroxol hydrochloride had anti-inflammatory and makealeolar epithelial type Ⅱcells secrete, synthetic alveolar surface activesubstances.It showed ambroxol hydrochloride had an effect to treat paraquatintoxication. |
PDF Full Text Request