Epidemiological Analysis Of Asthma On Children0-14Years Old In Shijiazhuang City

Asthma is the most common respiratory disease in children, thatseriously threaten the human health. Over20years, The prevalence of asthmain most parts of the world in children is increasing. The etiology andpathogenesis of asthma is extremely complex, including gene, atopy,environment, diet, airway hyperresponsiveness,gender, obesity, and drugs etc.Asthma affects not only the individual’s quality of life, but also is a heavyemotional and financial burden for the family and society, it has become aserious public health problem. Although GINA has been promoted vigorously,but in many regions of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of asthmathere are many blind spots. Abuse of antibiotics and the fear to hormone arestill very serious, we need to make further efforts. To reduce the incidence andmortality rate, we must do epidemiological survey of asthma and understandthe risk factors and pathogenesis of childhood asthma. In1990and2000, theNational Asthma Collaborative Group has done2times nationwideepidemiological surveys of children on0-14years old in27cities, the resultshowed average prevalence of childhood asthma was from0.91%in1990to1.54%in2000,and increased by64.54%.Based on this, the third timenationwide epidemiological survey of asthma was done from April toDecember2010by The National Asthma Collaborative Group. Shijiazhuangcity was one of the investigated cities, we hope that it provides a scientificbasis for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in our province.Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of asthma onchildren0-14years old in Shijiazhuang city and provide a scientific basis forthe prevention and treatment of childhood asthma in our province.Methods: With random cluster sampling method, we selected10000children from Qiaoxi、Qiaodong、Yuhua、Xinhua and Changan districts of Shijiazhuang City. They were born from July1,1995to June30,2010. Aasthma investigation team set up, it composed of trained pediatrician throughthe third national epidemiological investigation of asthma in children training.The step and questionnaire designed by the Chinese Center for DiseaseControl and Prevention Environmental Health and Related Product Safetywere carried out. The specific implementation steps were as follows: First,Coding for10000children on0-14years old and sending out asthma andallergic disease screening questionnaire, parents understood the contents andmeanings and signed informed consent. So the suspicious asthma childrenwere selected.Second, some necessary investigations and examinations wereadopted for suspicious children, patient medical records needed to be carefullychecked out to see if a wheeze was recoded.Finally, the children accordingwith the diagnostic criteria of asthma filled out a asthma investigation table.All children on0-14years old were divided into four groups,including <1year,1-3years old,4-6years old,7-14years old, they were calculated prevalencerespectively；According to the ratio of1:1principles, we determined controlgroup number according to the number of children with asthma，they werematched by the same age、sex,、race、place of residence, we made statisticalanalyses in personal history.Results: A total of10000children aged0-14years old were investigated,9864children were actually surveyed,accounting for98.64%.141childrenwere diagnosed as asthma，prevalence rate was1.43%；the incidence onschool-aged children was highest，the difference was statistically significant(X2=9.343，P <0.05)；the prevalence in male was higher than female，the ratioof male to female was1.49:1,the difference was statistically significant (X2=5.438, P <0.05)；the age-at-onset of asthma prevalence most before3yearswas79.44%. Respiratory tract infection was the important incentive resultingin asthma，accounting for90.78%，the second incentive was the changingweather/exposure to cold air, accounting for60.99%；the season when asthmaattacked seriously were winter and the season based，the ratio were35.46%and29.79%respectively；the time was the midnight，the ratio was36.88%. Sneeze and have a running nose were the main harbinger of asthma，wheezing、coughing and difficulty in breathing were the most significantsymptoms. Asthma children who had asthma family history in the first andsecond class relatives were24.82%and14.89%，history of other allergieswere37.59%and7.80%, eczema is the most common in children withasthma and the rate was44.68%，followed by allergic rhinitis, accounting for34.04%. Using antibiotics when acute asthma attacked accounted for82.27%，while corticosteroid inhalation was27.66%.Conclusion:1In2010,the prevalence rate of asthma children on0-14years old was1.43%in Shijiazhuang City, compared with1.05%in2000, it was slightlyhigher.2The prevalence on school-aged children was highest.3The prevalence in male was higher than female，the ratio of male tofemale was1.49:1.4Respiratory tract infection was the important incentive resulting inasthma; the second incentive was the changing weather/exposure to cold air.5The season when asthma attacked seriously were winter and theseason based；the time was the midnight.6Asthma children who had asthma family history in the first and secondclass relatives were24.82%and14.89%, history of other allergies were37.59%and7.80%.7The phenomenon non-standard treatment and abuse of antibiotics werestill very serious, we should further popularize and spread the GINA proposal.