Zhang Zhidong’s Economic Ethics Tthinking

Zhang Zhidong has an important influence of Qing social and economic.He has a very important role in the development of the Westernization Movement. In early, Zhang Zhidong is famous for a clean party members, and later, he turned to the Westernization,there are many reasons.One important reason is his new thinking on economic and ethical issues.The origin of his theory of economic and ethical thinking is the inheritance of traditional economic thinking, and by the influence of Western mercantilism.In Zhang Zhidong’s Westernization practice, his economic ethical thinking has demonstrated the very centralized nature,it is this totalitarian nature of economic and ethical thought, so that Zhang Zhidong has always insisted in the Westernization Movement "Government Commerce"as the main business model." Government Commerce" has become the main concept of economic and ethical thought, this concept is the basis and conditions of the natural integration of its and centralized thinking. But the final result of this business model is a failure. In the "Government Commerce" mode "Officials and Businessmen Permission", politically, this concept can meet the requirements of the centralized political system, economically, this concept can grow Westernization enterprises, Zhang Zhidong also hope to expand their influence. However, the failure of this business model has been to promote his ideas partially change, therefore, in the distribution of benefits is reasonable to allow the practice is conducive to business ideas to start generating.The progressive significance of this shift is very important, and this is an important value of its centralized nature of the economic and ethical thinking.But at the same time, Zhang Zhidong’s this shift is limited, and forced, which is its limitations.Zhang Zhidong economic and ethical thought has its own characteristics, this feature is the centralization thought has been throughout all of its economic thinking and practice. Integration of centralized thinking and commercial economic law, but also a certain degree of rationality, the rationality must be based on the following basis: Under the conditions of a national capitalism, official and commercial interests should be how to allocate the primary problem, this is the most important issue that must be addressed in the centralized system of economic ethics. During his tenure, Zhang Zhidong stressed that the fight for the interests of the motherland, and to break through the traditional concept of justice and benefit to this is a progressive significance. Thus, Zhang Zhidong’s economic and ethical thought has an important feature, this feature is understanding and grasp of the "official interest" and "the interests of businessmen".However, this progress is divided into two point of view, there is a clear confrontation between feudal rulers and private traders, that is the opposition of the official opposition of profit and personal gain;in this dimension of China’s economy and the Western capitalist economy, the official interest and private interests can be harmonized.Another important feature of Zhang Zhidong’s economic and ethical thought is the centralized state capital form.This definition is slightly biased, on the one hand, the feudal system does not exist in the form of capitalist economy, on the other hand is exactly the opposite. Westernization enterprise with some of the major factors in the capitalist economy, it shows the factors and the establishment of the capitalist economy, therefore, how to define Zhang Zhidong’s Westernization companies can come from this point of view of capitalism. The same time, on the business model,Zhang Zhidong’s Westernization enterprise highlights the "official" color and "Government Interest" target, making his Westernization business from start to finish to have a strong nationalistic, this is an informal national capitalist economy form.In-depth analysis of his economic ethics, and reflect on his ideas in the history of the evolution of the role, value and historical limitations, we can take care of the current economic system development in a meaningful historical reference.