The Factors Of Japan And Soviet Union In The US Giving Aids To China During The War Of Resistance Against Japan

The US-China relation is always the important and hot point in the research of international relationship. During the two-hundred-year development of US-China relation, the period of Anti-Japanese war is regarded as the most important, because it deeply affects the US-China relation afterwards, even the whole trend of international situation.In this period of US-China relation, as a "pivot point", the aids given by US basically runs through the whole Anti-Japanese war. However, the aids give was not only for the consideration of humanitarian, but the benefits of its own nation. Therefore, Japan and Soviet Union become the factors which have to be taken account of during the period of the aids given by US.The benefits US, Japan and Soviet Union get from China and Far East are bounded up closely. Therefore, in the process of the series assistance measures given by US, Japan and Soviet Union become the inevitable factors in the US-China relation, subjectively or objectively, which must be paid attention to.From the start of "Lougou Bridge Incident" to the break out of the Pacific War, the aid policies go through from the neutral attitude to the limited aid to China. Because of the huge mutual beneficial relation, at the beginning of the comprehensive Anti-Japan War, US just take the "neutral" attitude, and pretend to be blind to the requests proposed by Chinese government. However, with the transformation of policy aggression-from "Northward" to "Southward", pointing straight to South Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia, which US (Britain) benefit from. This makes US have to change its policy, from indulgence to limited aid, hoping that it can hold back the tendency of Japanese aggression. During this period, the conflict between US and Japan play the main role while the transformation of Soviet Union to China and the contradiction of US and Soviet Union play less important role.In the initial stage of the Pacific War. Japan achieve temporal strategic superior from US. The "Europe before Asia" strategy made by US and British focus on Europe first, and then Asia. It lays the foundation of the global military strategic arrangement of US and Britain, that is, US and Britain pay most attention on Europe, and thus can’t spare more energy to Asia Pacific area, not having any other choice, but adopt the defensive position, holding the strategic defense line.China is the vital military base of this strategic defensive system, and its military significance is obvious. US have to strength the importance of Chinese battlefield in order to maintain the state of Pacific area. Therefore, US enhance the military and economic assistance and form the military alliance relationship with China in no time. In February,1943, the Defense of Stalingrad Campaign won an overwhelming victory, meanwhile it also marked the world antifascist war entered the turning point. At the moment, the policies adopted by U.S. toward China included two goals:firstly, to ensure that the national government could fight against Japan effectively; secondly, for the building of the international organizations, stability and prosperity of eastern countries, the U.S. promised that it would help China to grow up to be a great power which had the same position as the three allies:Russia, Britain and America. Obviously, the U.S. was willing to let China be a great power. However, he also has definite purposes. Firstly, it is very helpful to support China for the war against Japan in wartime. The U.S. could strengthen the solidarity between China and America in the way of enhancing the international status of China. And it could also cheer up the Chinese people. Especially the U.S. abolished Chinese Exclusion Act at the end of1943. The military position of battle field in China was also an important element considered by the U.S. with the thought of "making China a great power". In addition, it is more convenient to provide China with supplies. Secondly, making China a great power was helpful for the U.S. to resist and restrict the Soviet Union in the Far East after war. The result of the war was clear fundamentally. Japan would absolutely lose the war. Britain and France had suffered a lot because of the war. Their colonies located in the Far East and the pacific areas would gradually disappeared which inevitably led to the vacuum zone and it is most suitable to let China fill in the blank. The U.S. is trying to describe China as the image of great power in order to "make it be the useful power to counteract the Soviet Union" in the future. At the end of the war, the Soviet Union promoted his military power in a large content tremendously and the entire American power took a further. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union considered that the world situation after war would be dominated by them. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed that cooperation was more important than competition before or after the war was over, and it is more profitable for their developments. On one hand, the U.S. hoped that the Soviet Union could join the final war against Japan which could decrease the unnecessary cost of manpower or property, on the other hand, the U.S. was also afraid that the Soviet Union would reinforce their power and influence in Far East. In addition, the U.S. was also worried that the Soviet Union would take advantage of the Chinese Communist Party to whoop it up in the liberated area. The Soviet Union hoped that the Japan could be roundly defeated in order to strengthen and broaden their interests in Far East and Northeast Asia. Besides, the Soviet Union’s interests for China had a long history. So both the U.S. and the Soviet Union concluded the Yalta agreement which was mutual beneficial for each side.As the end of war is increasingly approaching, the alliance between the united states and the Soviet Union becomes loosen, and the conflict between the two nations turns to be larger and larger. Th united states can not shake the solid psition of soviet in far east can only depend on the absolutely degenerative ’Chiang Kai-shek’ because insufficient military power. The united states assist the Kuomintang goverment to increase its strength and hope the Kuomintang goverment to be pro-american overment under Chiang Kai-shek’s leadership, so to counterbalance the Soviet Union goverment in far esst erea.However, the united states put its hope on a goverment with no prospect, so it is destined to fail and its illusion is broken that assisting Kuomintang goverment to be opposed to cpc.