The Study Of Popular Speech Institute In The Republic Of China

Popular Speech Institute of the Republic is an important popular institution, which takes ideological,cultural enlightenment and implementation of social education with the main way of Popular Speechfor the general public (especially lower people). In the study, we can not only have a knowledge of oralenlightenment in the period of the Republic and the social education effect, but also clearly grasp theimportant historical context popularization of modern thoughts enlightenment moving down and socialculture changes.Popular Speech which is a simple language expresses opinion and explanation to ordinary people(especially the lower illiteracy, semiliterate people). In the ancient it has popular speech as a means ofsocial education and its purpose is nothing but the ruler of the oppression of the upper external slavery intolower people within its own value orientation, so as to make thousands of innocent people. Up to now, withthe development of enlightenment and cultural changes and the rise of social education tendency, popularspeech is given as enlightenment intelligence and develops rapidly. In the meantime,the correspondinginstitutions have been set up. In the late Qing dynasty, the foundation of preaching in the1910s waspopular at that time, and provided massive practical operation experience and the first help push for therunning of Popular Speech Institute in the future.As Qing dynasty disappeared, the Republic appeared. The collapse of decadent monarchy cleared thehuge obstacle of social education career for the further development, and Popular Speech Institute got rapiddevelopment. The personnel set of popular speech is very simple, but it has an extremely careful strictoperation criterion, in personnel selection, human development, the material editor, lecture program and speech skills and other aspects, which ensure the high quality of the operation. As an official of the socialeducation institutions, the opening of pop speech is largely funded by the government and at the same time,each district private capital also gives great support.Nanjing Provisional Government existed short, but it helped a lot to the enterprises. After theestablishment of the Northern Government, popular speech career gradually moved towards the track. TheMinistry of Education had issued a series of rules and regulations in order to promote, regulate the popularspeech career. The career developed rapidly, especially from1915to1918, because of the promotion ofeducation department, and the national political relative stability. It appeared the process of thedevelopment of the first golden period. After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, inview of the domestic illiterate all over, people’s knowledge level, low quality, social education institutionsestablished vigorously, and prompted popular speech. From1928the Nanjing National Government ofnational unity to1936the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the popular speech career developed rapidlyinto the process of the development of the second gold stage, and then reached the top. That the complexityof the social formation of the Republic makes the content of Popular Speech lnstitute extremely rich andpopular political, economic, military, cultural, and other various trends of thoughts involved and embodiedat that time in the society. The content of lecture on progress can be mainly divided such categories asencourageing patriotism, cultivating morality, popularizing legal culture, developing the industry,developing education, getting rid of bad habits and instilling common sense. In addition, popular lecturesalso contain retro, anti-communist and enslavement education, etc, negative and even reactionary. But fromthe overall view, what Popular Speech Institute preached progressive ideas still takes up the main aspects,which is also the the reson why it istargeted elementary education institution,.The career of Popular Speech Institutie of the Republic meets the national salvation, enlightenment novelty of the trend of the times,and vigorously infuses new ideas, new culture, new knowledge to thelower classes,which contributes greatly to the awakening of their thinking, and really inspires peoplepatriotic enthusiasm, cultivaties people advanced values and gets rid of the traditional vices of the people,etc, played a huge effect. However, due to the weakness of the external economic support, social unrest anddisturbed, coupled with mixed lecture content, actor’s own lower quality, the public’s psychology ofignorance and resistance towards lecture and a series of internal factors, social enlightenment effects ofPopular Speech Institute are greatly restricted, and also have a far distance from the lofty goal ofenlightenment intelligence, they advertised.Compared with the other cultural and educational career, the career of Popular Speech Institute has itsown distinct characteristics. First, the main tool for this cause in the practice of enlightenment is oral,rather than text; second, this cause, audience targeting underclass of illiterate and semiliterate people, tomaximize the range of radiation; third, the effect of this cause mainly manifest itself in promoting thepublic mental transmutation at the "invisible" level, rather than at the overt level that can be immediatelyand directly used in social transform.Historical experience, which was run by the Popular Speech Institute of the Republic provides a goodreference for strengthening grass-roots cultural and educational facilities, and improving the qualities ofprimary culture educators as well as transforming the form of primary culture and education activities, etc.