A Research On Influencing Factors And Counterfactual Thinking Of College Student’s Defensive Pessimism

Defensive Pessimism is considered one of the self-worth protection strategies.Though the past had success，when faced with similar achievements scenarios，peopleset unrealistic low expectations，and repeatedly thinking about the possible outcomes.Along with social progress，the competition becomes more intense. People will use avariety of strategies to avoid the damage caused due to a variety of failures. Collegestudents are an important part of social groups，their physical development has beenbasically mature，psychological development is maturing and not yet mature. Facedwith pressure from the social，whether they can reasonably respond to the concerns ofthe community. When fails，Defensive pessimism often play the role of self-protection.Understand the students the impact of defensive pessimism factors and thinkingstrategies to help college students cope with failure to adapt to society plays animportant role.On the basis of the literature review，combined with interviews，revised thestudents’ defensive pessimism and the core self-evaluation questionnaire，do a surveyby using the revised questionnaire，explore the factors that affect the defensivepessimism，and the thinking strategies of defensive pessimists,In this study，the following conclusions：（1）Lots of students used defensive pessimism strategy. There were nodifferences in gender，child and grade.There were significant differences in reflectivethinking between liberal arts students and science students，liberal arts students scorebelow than science students.（2）Defensive Pessimism was significantly correlated with core self-evaluation，fear of failure, but no correlated with self-esteem. The core self-evaluation and fear offailure can predict students Defensive Pessimism. Defensive expectations negativelycorrelated with negative core self-evaluation， the core self-evaluation and self-esteem， and positively correlated with fear of failure. Reflective thinkingnegatively correlated with negative core self-evaluation， and positive coreself-evaluation positively correlated with self-evaluation, the core self-evaluation, thefear of failure.（3）Different students had significant differences between self-evaluation，fearof failure.（4）Counterfactual thinking were positive significant correlation with defensivepessimism，defensive expectations， but no correlation with reflective thinking. In thesuccess situations，there was significant difference in students. In failure situation，there was no difference.