| Fang Yi-zhi (1611-1671), born in Tongcheng, Anhui province, was a encyclopedia thinker of Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty. Living in a time of cataclysm, his life was full of frustrations. In his late years, he became a Nun while his heart was in Confucianism. And he has an original view on the research and analysis of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Based on the academic ideal of "collect all ideas of ancient thinkers and combine them", he built a philosophical system with great characteristics, which take the "Yi-ology"emblems and numbers as the core, conciles the thought of Zhu and Wang and digest between virtual and real as well as syncretic of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.Fang Yi-zhi kept wielding his pens in the field of literature, and he had acquired a lot of achievements in many fields. But his achievements in calligraphy and painting were shadowed by his achievements in philosophy and textology. Together with many of his work was banned and burned in Qing Dynasty, which made his original views in calligraphy and painting cannot get the due attention, let alone his aesthetic thoughts."noumenon and function can’t be separated from each other" is his core aesthetic thoughts, and Fang Yi-zhi gave the traditional "concepts of noumenon and function " a new meaning with deep thought and sensitivity. With the spiritual guide of "Advocating practical things", he insisted on the aesthetic principle of "pay the same attention to the noumenon and the funetion and pursue the noumenon in the study of the funetion". In calligraphy, he advocated to study old style, and regarded "zhuan zhou" as the basis of calligraphy and study the predecessors’ moral conduct to unify "learning to write" and "learning to behave"dialectically. In painting, he inherited the predecessor’aesthetic conception of "poem in the painting and painting in the poem", expressing his philosophical thoughts in painting language.The creation of any kind of thought can not just come out of talks, and it should have the connection with the specific historical time, which explicitly or implicitly reflects the most urgent thought, culture and reality of that era. This paper, based on the calligraphy annotations of Fushan Anthology by Fang Yi-zhi in his late years, the articles on Theory of Calligraphy and Painting Calligraphy in<Tong Ya>, and the research and analysis of his other calligraphy and painting works, analyses Fang Yi-zhi’s calligraphy and painting theory in a philosophy way with the study of previous research achievements. By putting forward "Cang Xiu" in aesthetic category, it shows how Fang Yi-zhi pursuit his academic ideal."Studying different areas of knowledge while blending them" is the practical principle of his aesthetic thought, which combined the characteristic of Stone Inscription and Calligraphy is the inkling of Stele Study of Qing Dynasty."Being unformed by Existence and Non-existene", the supreme realm of aesthetic, is perfectly on consilience of his philosophy thoughts. Fang Yi-zhi’s calligraphy and painting aesthetic thoughts mitigated the contradictions between South and North Schools in Painting Circle, and it also reflects the consumption cultural aesthetic of Painting and Calligraphy Circle in modern society as well as the value orientation of current calligraphers and painters who are lacking of literature attainments. The argumentation of "Art Legitimacy" will provide a solution to the modern aesthetic problem with a new breakthrough direction. |
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