In 1980-2005 Three-river Source Area Ecosystem Service Function Of Water Conservation Assessment Analysis

As the world’s quickly development of economy and technology sustainable development, the mankind intervenes more strongly to environment, surrounding environment is greatly effected, ecology economics came into being and developed unceasingly, ecological services can reflect value of nature capital and ecosystem service, it provide a background value for decision makers of countries and regions, it also provides theory basis for the assessment of environment influence of construction projects. Evaluation of the integrate valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs tool could be used for quantitative evaluation of ecosystem service function and value, in foreign countries it has achieved good application. Water conservation function is one of the important ecosystem services, and is also an important component of indirect use value of ecosystem service. The article chooses Sanjiangyuan district located in Qinghai province, first we alter and calibrate the parameters and index of water conservation module, then we evaluate water conservation service on the model, analyze change of amount of water conservation during1980and2005,and give proposals on establishing ecological compensation mechanism, the conclusions are as follows:(1) Average amount of water conservation of Sanjiangyuan district changes from222.6mm in1980s to174.7mm in1995s, in2000water conservation increases to194.3mm, from2000to2005, average amount of water conservation of Sanjiangyuan district continues to rise, reaches203.0mm.(2) Nearly30years, water conservation of Sanjiangyuan district has shown an overall downward trend, from1980to1995, central part of Zhiduo country、northern part of Qumalai tended to increase, but eastern and southern of Qumailai、southwest part of Chengduo was decreasing, water conservation of Changjiang river declined than previously evident.Between1995and2000, water conservation of Qumalai country、Chengduo country、Nangqian country was increasing, water conservation of Qumalai increased greatly, in other areas the amount decreased to different degree, water conservation of Huanghe river decreased dramatically, after2000, Water conservation of eastern parts of Sanjiangyuan increased to different degree, during that time, Zeku country、Henanmenggu autonomous county、Jiuzhi country、 Banma country raised prominently, but water conservation of Changjiang river and Lancangjiang river was on a declining trend.(3) Climate change and human activity was a leading cause of time space variation of water conservation function of ecosystem. Nearly50years, Surface-temperature of Sanjiangyuan rised apparently. Warming degree in Huanghe river was higher than Changjiang river and Lancangjiang river; annual precipitation of Sanjiangyuan district tended to decrease, glaciers melting and permafrost melting was a directly expression of global warming.In the1990s the degree of global warming increased, gale weather was frequent, ground surface evaporation rose, drought index rose significantly, in summer the temperature increased, precipitation decreased, these changes gradually spread to summer and spring, this response of climate warming of most seasons caused glaciers melting, permafrost degradation, Lake gets small, pastures degraded, land desolated, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, etc. Human activity could cause vegetation change and affected the underlying surface.(4) ecological compensation mechanism is of great importance to ecological reserve and the human and the natural harmony, the mechanism bases on cost of ecological reserve and service value, it is one of the environment economic policies through market and administration. Sanjiangyuan district is a significant ecological function section, it gave birth to major rivers of Chinese, Average annual water yield reaches611billion cubic meters, it is the ecological function section with highest elevation, Varieties complete and widest influence, keeps the ecological security of Chinese entrepreneurs and global entrepreneurs, so protect the ecological environment of Sanjiangyuan district and build up ecological compensation mechanism is essential to protecting the Chinese nation’s sustainable development. This article will introduce the academic base and practice basis of ecological compensation mechanism, and proposed suggestions to how to implement ecological compensation mechanism for Sanjiangyuan district.