Large-scale Cattle Farm Organic Waste Farmland Security Given Technology Research

Under the wheat-maize rotation conditions, in order to take full advantage of theaquaculture waste generated by the large-scale cattle, to reduce production costs, to ensure thefood stable production and income greater extent, to minimize the environment pollution causedby the application of composting cow dung, we should determine the reasonable amount ofapplication and make sure the economic and environment affect, to provide a theoretical basis andtechnical support for the rational use of aquaculture waste by farmland. This study considers thegrain yield, quality and economic efficiency, soil fertility, nutrient apparent utilization, soilenzyme activity，soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and its effectiveness, the amount ofnitrogen and phosphorus loss, the heavy metal accumulation and other factors, finally wedetermine the reasonable amount of composting cow dung and reasonable proportion. In thisstudy, the main results are as follows:1. The impacts of breeding waste on the cumulative amount of nitrogen and phosphorus andnitrogen and phosphorus lossAs the amount of composting cow dung increasing, soil phosphorus content increases, all thefertilization treatments increased by7.32%~28.81%than CK at wheat season, and all thefertilization treatments increased by3.86%~37.07%than CK at corn season；The soil availablephosphorus accumulation reached3.81kg/mu~8.86kg/mu in the different treatments in0-100cmsoil; Soil nitrate accumulation reached4.04kg/mu~10.59kg/mu; Ammonium nitrogenaccumulation reached3.24kg/mu~4.20kg/mu；In the runoff water, the total nitrogen loss reached25.54g/mu~57.86g/mu；Total phosphorus loss reached0.11g/mu~0.90g/mu；The leaching water,the total nitrogen loss reached2.47kg/mu~3.97kg/mu respectively, the total phosphorus lossreached1.23g/mu~4.10g/mu respectively.2. The impacts of breeding waste on some aspects under wheat-maize rotation(1)In wheat quarter, the highest wheat production is T3treatment which is344kg/mu, then T4treatment reached320.9kg, and it has a significant difference compared with other treatments; Incorn quarter, T5treatment reached highest production and had a significant difference comparedwith CK; T3, T4, T5treatment total production are higher than others, but it has no significant difference between T3, T4, T5treatment; When we use the less composting cow dung, we can getthe higher economic return; Nutrients utilization has significant difference between differenttreatments, and the T2treatment is higher than others, its Nitrogen and phosphorus utilizationreached28.13%,3.30%respectively.(2)In wheat quarter, with the amount of composting cow dung increased, soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus, potassium, organic matter content exceed the CK treatment80.98%,24.13%,30.99%,21.31%at most respectively; And in corn season, these soil content exceed theCK treatment90.92%,156.16%,23.33%,41.91%at most respectively, the PH is lower as the cowmanure added; The corn quarter growth more significantly than wheat quarter; different dosagecan significantly promote the increase in soil activity.(3)According to the nitrogen income and expenditures, we got that when the amount ofcomposting cow manure is less than2000kg/mu, the soil nitrogen at a loss status that theexpenditure> income; When the amount of composting cow manure is over3000kg/mu, the soilnitrogen inputs>expenditure；so the suitable amount is2000kg/mu-3000kg/mu.3. The impact of different fertilizer on some aspects under wheat-corn rotation(1)The highest wheat production is362.07kg/mu when OM: CF is1:3. It has a significantdifference between the various fertilization treatments with CK, and it is1.15%-15.05%higherthan CK, The highest corn production is609.01kg/mu when the OM: CF is1:3, It has asignificant difference than others, and it is47.94%to51.31%higher than CK; All the fertilizationtreatments’ economic income are higher than CK, and T1-T5treatment exceeds the CKcomparison6.15%、21.07%、39.80%、14.42%、13.54%respectively; Nitrogen utilization indecreasing order is T3> T4> T2> T5> T1, and the phosphorus utilization trend is same asNitrogen utilization; Nitrogen utilization are35.00%,26.82%,25.19%,19.32%,18.64%respectively; Phosphorus utilization are14.20%,9.90%,8.80%,7.10%,6.80%respectively.(2)Soil available N, P, K and organic matter content has significant differences between eachfertilization treatment; Nitrogen content increased23.05%~62.45%compared with CKrespectively; Available phosphorus content increased14.78%~55.38%compared with CKrespectively; Available Potassium increased7.48%~40.08%compared with CK respectively; Thehighest soil organic matter is T1treatment, with the proportion of inorganic fertilizer increased,the soil organic matter reduced; Total phosphorus content of the different fertilizer treatments increased4.04%-26.01%than CK, the accumulation of available phosphorus reached2.58kg/mu~4.32kg/mu in0-100cm depth range; The accumulation of Nitrate reached2.25kg/mu~11.03kg/mu, and the fertilization treatments has a greater leaching risk, the proportion ofinorganic fertilizer is higher and the risk greater; The cumulative amount of ammonium nitrogenreached3.41kg/mu,4.29kg/mu respectively.4. The Study of Optimized Allocation for Planting and Breeding Resources in Shandong ProvinceThe residual environmental capacity of farmland absorptive organic waste of ShandongProvince was85.88million tons with the existing biogas engineering quantity and the cultivatedland area; and the residual environmental capacities of Liaocheng City and Linyi City were bigger,then Tai’an City, Jining City, Heze City, Zaozhuang City, Qingdao City, Weifang City and YantaiCity, while those of Dezhou City, Rizhao City and Dongying City were more than the limitedabilities, and Dongying City was more than its own level of30%.