| ChangWucounty was a typical dry-land agricultural area of loess plateau. Th e area had enough solar-thermal resource, but there were fewer water resources. The main natural disaster was the drought. Conservation tillage technology playe d an important role in improving environmental of the loess plateau. The researc h on water-fertilizer effect of different conservation tillage combined with differe nt situation of arid and semi-arid region zones in ChangWucounty have the vital practical significance to the demonstration and extension of conservation tillage.Taking ChangWucounty for example, there were five measures to study Wint er wheat:Plastic Film during growth stage&Straw Side, Plastic Film during lei sure time&Straw Side, Plastic Film during growth stage, Plastic Film during le isure time and UN-cover. Here were five measures of No-tillage to study summe r corn:No-Till, Grass, Plastic Film, Straw and Straw&Plastic Film, there were seven measures of No-Till, The next year Tillage, Plastic Film, All Plastic Film, Plant Plastic Film Side, Straw and Straw&Plastic Film, the research on the w ater content of soil profile, the WUE, the soil nutrient and the crop yield based on the conservation tillage experiment.The results are as follows:1. the research of water-fertilizer effect and yield of winter wheat under different measures of conservation tillage。(1) The five processing measures of winter wheat effected slightly to the w ater of the0-300cm soil. Plastic Film and wheat had great water effect to the winter wheat.(2) Compared with uncover measures, the water consumption of winter whea t under four different measures was lower, most lowest by Plastic Film during g rowth stage&Straw Side measures was185.3mm, the most remarkable by no-c over treatment was203.4mm, But the water use efficiency in the no-cover treat ment are actually lower than that of in the cover treatment, the most remarkable by Plastic Film during growth stage measures was33.3kg/(hm2·mm), the most1owest by no-cover treatment was22.2kg/(hm2·mm)(3) The soil nutrient of winter wheat by different conservation tillage was s urface concentration. Winter wheat different measurees of the nutrient content of growth are significantly volatility changes. Under four different cover measures, t he change of the content of O.M. Total N、Available N、Available P and Avail able K in soil were2.49%-3.97%,1.18%-2.99%,1.02%-3.34%,0.98%-5.55%and0.50%-1.35%. But without cover measures, the content of these inde xes were decreased by1.90%,2.99%,3.02%,8.78%and2.68%. Therefore, conser vation tillage had a certainly fertilizer effect.(4) Soil fertility of winter wheat under different treatment measures had obv ious phenomenon of table together. Compared with0-10cm soil,10-20cm an d20-30cm soil had the following features:O.M. was decreasing11.28%-15.38%and30.09%-31.61%. Total N was decreasing10.48%-10.87%and14.13%-20.95%. Available N was decreasing5.68%-6.60%and9.61%-11.01%. Available P was decreasing26.19%-33.29%and53.94%-55.72%. Available K was decreasi ng14.74%-15.52%and27.30%-28.05%.(5)The content of winter wheat under a complete coverage was6615kg/h m2, which was the most in all different treatment measures. Compared with Plast ic Film during growth stage&Straw Side, Plastic Film during leisure time&S traw Side and no-cover, the content was increasing47.61%,35.85%and46.80%.2. The research of water-fertilizer effect and yield of summer corn under differe nt measures of conservation tillage。(1) The different processing measures of summer corn effected slightly to the water of the0-300cm soil. Straw and Straw&Plastic Film had great water effect(2) The different processing under No-till measures of summer corn the mos t remarkable consumption by no-cover treatment was308.4mm, the most lowest by Straw&Plastic Film measures was258.4mm, But the water use efficiency the most remarkable by Straw&Plastic Film measures was32.5kg/(hm2·mm) increa sed by4.1%compared to the no cover treatment, the most lowest by Straw trea tment was27.9kg/(hm2·mm). The different processing under Conventional Tillage the most remarkable consumption by Straw&Plastic Film was348.9mm, the m ost lowest by Straw measures was245.6mm, But the water use efficiency was the most remarkable by All Plastic Film measures was30.4kg/(hm2·mm) increased by5.9%compared to the no cover treatment, the most lowest by the next year tillage treatment was24.0kg/(hm2·hm). Under the same measure the water use ef ficiency by Conventional Tillage Lower than No-till(3) The soil nutrient of winter wheat by different conservation tillage was surface concentration. Winter wheat different measures of the nutrient content of growth are significantly volatility changes. The change of the content of O.M.,T otal N,Available N,Available P and Available K in soil Except the Conventional Tillage and the next year tillage measures the content of these indexes were de creased by2.24%and7.85%、4.92%andl.45%、2.18%and3.18%、15.10%and5.25%、4.31%and0.93%, Other measures were increase by0.03%-17.33%、0.008%-13.97%、1.02%-8.98%、1.38%-25.50%'5.32%-25.58%Therefore, NO-tillage, Plastic F ilm, Grass and Straw had a certainly fertilizer effect.(4) Soil fertility of summer corn under different treatment measures had obv ious phenomenon of table together. Compared with0-10cm soil,10-20cm and20-30cm soil had the following features:O.M. was decreasing8.81%-15.25%and18.22%-30.72%. Total N was decreasing2.52%-7.37%and8.41%-14.74%. Available N was decreasing6.21%-7.61%and16.18%-19.26%.AvailableP wa s decreasing16.04%-36.33%and33.09%-57.29%. Available K was decreasing6.58%-15.07%and13.07%-23.38%.Under the same measure the content of O.M., Total N, Available N by Conventional Tillage Lower than No-till, but the conten t of Available P and Available K by No-till Lower than Conventional Tillage(5)The yield content was the most remarkable of summer corn under no-till by Plastic Film was8716.9kg/hm2, and the most remarkable of summer corn u nder Conventional Tillage by Plastic Film All Plastic Film was9600kg/hm2, Und er the same cover measure, no-till Compared with Conventional Tillage no cove r, Plastic Film and Straw, the contentwas increasing20.74%、15.87%and20.68%. therefore, the measures by no-till and Plastic Film have a good increase effect for theyield... |
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