The Commonwealth's "modern" Means

In the modern history, the secularization triggered by the reformation ofreligion and Renaissance has led people to reexamine the value and position ofthem. Hobbs formulated the theory of commonwealth by adopting bothscientific research methods and philosophical thinking. He is ahead of othermodern theorists in finishing logical and complete discussion of philosophy ofpolitics, shifting from traditional perspective to modern approaches. Influencedby Hobbs, Locke further made the concept of commonwealth specific andjustified, making clear that the essence of this concept is the essence of agovernment. This has become the symbol of modern governments.Commonwealth，clarified in the works by Hobbs and by Locke，is thesubject of study in this article. Commonwealth is the hallmark of thetransformation from traditional philosophy of politics to modern philosophy ofpolitics；modern political conclusion and laws has roots in this concept. Hobbswas not the creator of the term ‘commonwealth’,but he gave this conceptprofound political meaning. As one of the pioneers in his field, Hobbs deeplyinfluenced Locke with his logical principles and theoretical deduction.Commonwealth became the ultimate aim of Locke.In the study of domestic,commonwealth is always translated in accordancewith the needs of the different points of view, probably be translated into thestate,government, community, federal, etc. This is not conducive to analyze thetraditional political shift to the modern political.So the choice of this paper’stopic excepts that expressed a clear connotation of this word commonwealth,instead of making a clear translation of it to avoid the misunderstand once again.This article attempts to identify the expectations of the political civilization ofHobbes and Locke in the commonwealth concept. Understand how to lay the theoretical basis of the direction of human political civilization, and promot thefundamental symbol of the traditional political philosophy change to a modernpolitical philosophy. Finally, concluded against the status of our governmentfunctional responsibilities, learn from the results applied to the construction ofChina’s government, push forward our political restructuring andtransformation of government functions.This paper total of the following four parts：The first part describes the meaning of this article topics、the research ofhome and abroad, and the basic framework of this paper。The second part explains that the commonwealth should be understood asthe government, as well as clear from both ends and means in order toeventually achieve common wealth individuals voluntarily give up their right tothe formation of commonwealth。The third part is to explore the commonwealth of contemporary politicalphilosophy and government theory, minus the excessive state intervention andgovernment expansion clearly should be in accordance with thecommonwealth’s requirements and this conclusion applied to the constructionof our modern polity.The fourth part is a summary of an overall summary of the article, thebasic requirements of the commonwealth to implement the construction ofservice-oriented government.