On The Demand For Qualified Personnel In Manufacturing Industry In The Coastal Regions And Vocational Education In Labor Transfer From Rural Areas To City

Under the background of economic globalization and regional economic integration, over three decades of reform and opening up, particularly since its WTO accession, China has been so actively participated in economic globalization and global market competition that its economic and social development has been going on the expressway. China has become the world’s international trading increment and the main driving force of global trade volume. China’s manufacturing industry has also made significant progress. Both the manufacturing total and the level of manufacturing technology have greatly improved. In2010, China’s total volume of manufacturing surpassed the United States to be the world’s No1. China is becoming a "world factory" and even "the global manufacturing center. But China is still far from a world manufacturing superpower. In the international division of labor, China is staying in the most lower-end of the value chain which makes full use of China’s resource endowment conditions, especially the comparative advantages of abundant labor force resources. This has resulted in the good momentum of development. China is now on a critical stage of transforming the forms of economic development and upgrading of its industrial structure. Many manufacturing enterprises, especially in developed coastal areas face a lot of new problems. Chinese Manufacturing enterprises intend to seek a good position in the global competition, they must take the road of independent innovation and enhance the level of technology research and development, which requires a large number of the middle-and-high-ranking professional and technical personnel as the pillar of industrial development. Meanwhile, manufacturing enterprises challenged by a variety of the rising costs, especially labor costs when they was transferred from labor-intensive to capital, technology-intensive, and shifting from the simple product processing at the lower end of the value chain to China’s central and western regions.China is a densely populated country. Human resources are quite abundant, and the total workforce is in excess, so the employment situation is very severe. China is a traditional agricultural country. After30years of reform and development, China’s three major industrial structure has undergone great changes, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries has greatly improved. But in terms of the rational degree of industrial structure, there still remains a sizable gap with developed countries, even with a number of emerging economies. In China "three rural issues" are fairly serious and arosing the international and domestic concerns."Three rural issues" is rooted in the contradiction between the huge rural surplus labor force and job opportunities created by economic development. That is where and how to transfer the huge part of the rural labor force effectively, and this is the key to the solution of "three rural issues ". In the recent30years, as the pillar of China’s economic development, industry especially the manufacturing has contributed the largest to the empolyment of rural labor force and the shifting to non-agicultural industries. On one hand, China’s manufacturing industry has such a rapid development that its labor demand is quite large. On the other hand, from2003, coastal developed area of China began to appear "laborer shortage", especially from2008since the outbreak of global financial crisis, originated in the Pearl River Delta "recruitment difficulties," along the eastern China Golden Coast line step by step northward, Southern Fujian Delta region, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Bay coastal developed areas have largely appeared "laborer shortage" progressively, and and it has a great tendency to spread to central and western inland of China. This is obviously full of Chinese characteristics. Unemployment and underemployed population in China is a huge amount. The problem of the urgent transfer of more than200million rural surplus labor force and a good solution of the transferring of rural labor are not only related to the construction of new rural areas, related to the improvement of living standards of hundreds of millions of farmers, but also to the demand for talent in the development of manufacturing industry, and even related to China’s new industrialization, urbanization and modernization.There are a large number of research results on the current situation of the transfer of rural labor force, problems and Countermeasures in academic circles. About the coexisted problems of "laborer shortage" and "difficultly of employment" also attracted public and media attention, our government, enterprise and all social sectors have put forward a number of countermeasures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the structural contradictions between the demand for talent and the transfer of rural labor in the development of manufacturing industry for the developed coastal areas of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim region. The author of this thesis combines information obtained from researches, data and the academic research achievement and put forward the following main points:(1) On the coexisted problems of "laborer shortage" and "difficultly of employment" of manufacturing industry in the coastal developed area, the main reasons is that a considerable degree of mismatch or asymmetry between the demand for talent and labor supply. Namely, structural contradictions.(2) On the manufacturing industry in the coastal developed areas, the essence of "laborer shortage" is "the shortage of skilled workers", namely, the shortage of the middle-and-high-ranking professional and technical personnel.(3) Vocational education is the main approach of the support and guarantee of skilled personnel to provide for the development of manufacturing industries in coastal areas.(4) Emphasis must be put on deepening the reform of vocational education so as to promote the effective transfer of rural labor force and to provide personnel support for the development of the manufacturing industry. On this basis, the author of this thesis put forward some proposals and countermeasures on the current vocational education reform.The first chapter of this thesis described the research background, significance and research methods and technical route. The second chapter introduced the supply and demand situation in manufacturing labor market of the coastal areas, analysed the performance of structural contradictions in manufacturing labor market of the coastal areas, then pointed out the essence of "laborer shortage" in developed coastal regions. The third chapter analyzed the effect of vocational education in the promotion of of the rural labor force transfer, the major problems on the current stage of vocational education, proposed suggestions and countermeasures for vocational education reform.