The Research Of The Teaching Mode "Teaching For And Based On Learning" In The Area Of The Theory Of Variation

"Teaching for and based on learning" meets the "student-oriented" concept of theeighth basic education curriculum reform, gradually becoming the inevitable choice anddevelopment trend of our reforms in the middle and primary school. The trial of “teachingfor and based on learning” is on all over our country, practice has proved it great effectivein reducing students’ burden, promoting their learning efficiency and all-rounddevelopment. By contrast, many so called “teaching for and based on learning “classroomsare surface lively, in fact inefficient, even invalid. The main reason is that theoreticalresearch is relatively weak, which can’t catch up with teaching practice. So, it is urgently todo some theoretical research, establishing, developing and perfecting the “teaching for andbased on learning mode”, guaranteeing the practice’ development. And this is also theoriginal intention and ultimate goal of my paper. The paper takes root in the theory ofvariation, and mainly analysises the guiding theory, core elements and implementationmechanism of that teaching mode.The theory of variation is a new learning theory which was developed from thePhenomenograph, established by Ference Marton and some others from GoteborgUniversity in Sweden. Variation is the necessary condition and main mechanism oflearning. The major cause of students’ difference learning outcome is their differentdiscernment on the same object. It is necessary for teachers to examine students’experience, basic knowledge and learning approach which can tell the differences betweenthem, then create the critical aspects and key features to help study. Guided to pay attentionto these aspects and features with variation the students can learn effectively. The theory ofvariation requests the “teaching for and based on learning” mode, and helps its implementby using “variation”,“discernment”,“simultananeity” and so on. According to the variationtheory,“teaching for and based on learning” should adhere to five fundamental principles,respectively being students’ comprehensive development, teachers’ unique teaching style,applicable learning objects, initiative teaching process and multiple evaluation.The study on “teaching for and based on learning” mode mainly include the followingelements research, which are learning objectives, teaching structures and teaching steps. Firstly, the learning objects should be on the assumption of students’ learning investigationand confirmed by some critical features. Secondly, teaching structure creates in where theinteractions between the four basic teaching elements——teachers, students, study contentsand teaching means work. Thirdly, variation plays a main role throughout the whole processof teaching, so it helps establish a circulation system between teaching design, teachingactivities and teaching reflection.All in all, with the variation theory’s help, the teaching design can be close to thestudents’ actual situation from the very beginning, which lays a foundation for the mode’srealization. Students’ effective attention, understanding, memorization and skills havechances to realize respectively by discern, variation, repetition and transference. And thereal-time evaluation becomes the security mechanism, guaranteeing the mode’s realization.