Research On Path Planning For WSN Based On Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Network is a wireless Ad hoc network consisting of numerous tiny sensor nodes by multi-hop communication and self-organization, which have communication and computing capability. The sensor node can only communicate with neighbor nodes, and its computing capability, storage capacity and communication ability are limited. WSN is widely used in military, environmental monitoring, medical and health services and so on, and it has great practical and scientific values. Because of the limited energy of sensor nodes in the WSN, therefore, the key factor of routing algorithm in the WSN will be to save efficiently and balance the energy consumption in the network.The main research content and results are as follows:1. The basic ant colony optimization algorithm is studied deeply in the paper, although it has powerful ability to find better solutions for solving optimal path problem, it has some defects, such as too long convergence time and it is easy to fall into the local optimal solution. According to the deficiencies that the basic ant colony optimization algorithm applied to the wireless sensor network routing, the dynamic weight factor is introduced in the state transition probability formula, the strategy of local pheromone update combines with global pheromone update is took, and the selection mechanism of node hops is adopted, and path planning for WSN based on ant colony optimization algorithm IACOR (Improved Ant Colony Optimization Routing) is proposed. The optimal path is searched comprehensively, efficiently and quickly in the search space, therefore, the improved ant colony algorithm is avoided falling into the local optimal solution early as the basic ACO.2. The network model of WSN is established, the design goal of WSN routing algorithm is analyzed according to the particularity of WSN, and the implementation flow of routing protocol based on the ant colony optimization is described, including node design, package design and the wireless sensor network routing process based on the ant colony optimization, and improved routing algorithm IACOR is used in the wireless sensor network routing. According to the simulation experiment of different circumstance, the optimal parameter combination of the IACOR algorithm used in wireless sensor network routing is obtained, and the convergent characteristics, the average end-to-end transmission delay and the standard deviation of energy are used to reflect the optimization efficiency of the IACOR algorithm applied to the wireless sensor network routing.The simulation results show that an approximate optimal path can be planned out successfully by the IACOR algorithm in the different circumstance of WSN, the energy consumption of network can be reduced, the performance of the whole wireless sensor network can be improved effectively and the life cycle of WSN can be prolonged. It’s proved that the improved algorithm is a routing algorithm which is practical value.