| Wireless sensor network, as a new study area of multi-subjects, is able to monitor and collect the information about kinds of objects monitored in the area of network distribution. Then the information is sent to the observers far away to realize the tracking and monitoring of targets. Since the wireless sensor network is usually applied in the bad or dangerous environment, the node adopts the battery power supply which energy is limited and can not be charged or changed timely, so how to reduce and balance the energy consumption has been always the hot problem in this study area. Reasonable routing protocol is the best method to reduce the energy consumption, and for the cluster routing protocol is the most typical one in the routing protocols, so we mainly study the cluster routing protocol in this essay. The main study is as follow:(1) Firstly, the brief summary is made about the study situation and developing trend of wireless sensor network, including the characteristics, key technology, evaluation index of property and content application area. Summarizing and concluding the more typical routing protocols at present and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of kinds of routing protocols in various aspects. (2) Secondly, the key analysis is made about the typical cluster routing protocol named LEACH and the improved scheme like HEED, EEUC, etc which is more successfully put forward on the base of LEACH. And the detailed conclusion is accomplished on the present existing problems about each routing algorithm. Generally speaking, all these routing algorithms have certain defects, for example:It leads the unbalanced energy consumption of the cluster heads when we choose the candidate cluster head, we do not take into consider of the node’s surplus energy and the number of the optimal cluster heads needed in the actual network. No matter how far the nodes from the base, the homogeneous cluster mechanism and one hop communicate pattern are applied, and that goes against the balance of the energy consumption of overall network.(3) Lastly, as the above routing algorithms have shortages, I put forward the improved scheme named EBCA(Energy Balanced Clustering Algorithms).The EBCA is mainly improved from two aspects:The first one is about the choice of the cluster heads, the parameters of optimal clusters’number and nodes’surplus energy are taken in consider to make the chosen cluster nodes more reasonable in the every choice and the balance of energy consumption of cluster heads and all nodes in the network better. On the other hand, a new network model is proposed taking example of the idea of un-uniform cluster, that is to say we map out the nodes in a criminate monitored area which is divided into sectors of same size and then structure clusters with different size according to the different distance from the node to the sink, aiming to save more nodes’energy. At last analyzing and contrasting the algorithm EBCA to the existing typical ones like LEACH、 HEED、 EEUC by MATLAB from different aspects in detail. Including:the influence the sectors with different number make to the whole network energy consumption, the balance of cluster head node’s energy consumption, the total sum energy consumped by cluster head node, the balance of whole nodes’energy consumption, the life cycle under the different application situation and the property of data’s transmission quantity in the network.The overall simulation results indicate that the un-uniform clustering model in the new algorithm is able to balanced distribute the energy to every sensor node and then avoid the nodes which has less energy left and far away from the base would be chosen as cluster heads, so we go to a conclusion that EBCA is a more effective and more valuable algorithm with wider application scope. |
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