| Since reform and opening up, China has become the investment hot spot of investors all over the world, a large number of foreign capital inflows into China. The influx of foreign capital plays a tremendous role in promoting the development of China’s economy. With the deepening of reform, China continues to open up intensely. Foreign capital begins to enter the various industries in China. The first large-scale Sino-foreign joint retail venture-the Shanghai No.1Yaohan Co., Ltd. established in China on September28,1992, which signifies the entrance of foreign capital in China’s retail market. China joined the WTO on December11,2001. According to the WTO accession agreement, China would open up the retail market to foreign investors three years later. But in these three years, foreign investment share in China’s retail market is rising rapidly, because the local government attracts investments against the regulation, gives a super-national treatment to foreign-funded retail enterprises and help foreign-funded retail enterprises to entry into the China markets bypass the barriers. The influx of foreign retailers brings advanced technology and management experience to the Chinese local retails, enhances the domestic retail formats, steps up the development and vitality of the circulation, and promotes the development of China’s retail market, moreover, it has brought great convenience to the city life of the people. However, with the full liberalization of the foreign retail market on Dec.11,2004, foreign retail enterprises expand in China rapidly, the foreign capital shares a controlling proportion in China’s retail formats, showing a sole proprietorship, mergers and acquisitions, strategic and comprehensive expansion trend, which brings extrusion and threats to the survival and development of China’s domestic retail enterprises. This directly affects the development of stakeholder in Chinese retail market, even poses a threat to the national security.As an important part of the circulation, the development of retail industry relates to the whole economic development, even the people’s personal interests. How to deal with the opening of the retail market, balance the development of domestic and foreign retail business and promote the development of China’s retail market is an important problem. Recently, the problem in foreign supermarket, such as "price fraud "," Expired food ", has raised our concerns about foreign control of China’s retail once again. Therefore, strengthening the research of foreign retail and industrial security and the analysis of the present situation of foreign retail monopoly in China will be of great significance to China’s retail development and industrial security.Scholars have made a lot of researches on the industry security of retail trade, including the analysis of qualitative theory and mechanism, quantitative empirical and index. They try to build security early warning systems of China’s retail business. But these researches are mainly based on overall perspective of the country and the level of industrial safety or economic security, lacking the analysis, of specific cities, the study of the entire national security threat, and these analysis results is different from the actual situation.Based on this, this thesis starts from the current development of China’s retail trade and foreign retail trade, selects the four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, evaluates and analyzes the safety coefficient of Foreign retail trade, studies the situation of China’s retail industry which is in control of foreign capital, and assesses the safety of China’s retail industry. Meanwhile, it analyzes the impacts on China’s industrial safety by foreign retail trade control from multi-angle, and the impacts on national security by foreign capital control. Finally, by learning from the experience of the United States, Japan, India and South Korea, as well as their attitude to foreign investment open and retail development, it proposes some proposals to build the industrial security systems and the development of local retail from the three aspects of business, government, industry. This article is divided into seven parts; the main content is as follows:The first part, introduction. This section includes the study background, the research purpose and significance, the related research summary, research methods, research ideas and frameworks. Among them, the literature review states mainly from the aspects of industrial safety evaluation index and the relationship between foreign retail and industrial security, and makes the summary, then proposes the research perspective and research innovation. This part mainly introduces the background of the question, the starting point of the topics, as well as the overall framework of the article.The second part, related definition and theoretical basis. This section mainly includes two parts:related definition and theoretical basis. The former, introduces the concept of the retail industry, the definition of foreign investment, industrial connotation of security. The article also classifies the type of operation, and sums up the mode of foreign capital into China’s retail market. As for connotation of industrial safety, the writer reviews the scholars’ researches, sums up five kinds of industry security concept. The latter reviews three retail formats theories, and then summarizes the main theories of industrial safety assessment, finally describes the five types of related foreign investment theory. The main content of this part is introduction and summary of the concepts and the relevant theoretical basis.The third part, the analysis of current situations. The part mainly describes the course of opening of China’s retail, the state and trend of the retail industry. First of all, the article divides China’s retail opening process into six stages, from reform and opening up to the whole open and development process. Then, it analyzes the development of China’s overall retail and the expansion of foreign retail in China, summarizes the three expansion of foreign retail in China, showing four major trends of strategic expansion, geographic expansion, expansion of mergers and acquisitions and extension of industrial chain. Finally, it sums up the four problems of China’s retail industry. This section mainly introduces China’s retail background and foreign retail status, laying the groundwork for later analysis and proposals.The fourth Part, evaluation the factor of safety. This part selects the four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chengdu as research objects, calculates the foreign capital control rate of retail market and the concentration index of foreign capital’s origin country, and takes these cities as the representative, comparatively analyzes the eastern, the central, the western. The analysis results show that the rate of foreign control in Beijing, Shanghai is relatively high, even more than20%of the security cordon in many years, which is higher than the national average. However, Chengdu and Wuhan can still be considered within safe range, but show the trend of rapid increase, we need to pay attention to it, and increase the detection of industrial safety. Concentration analysis of foreign capital origin country shows that, origin country is more diversified, it does not exist the phenomenon of control by a few states. This part, from index analysis, reflects the foreign control status of the cities and regions and industrial safetyThe fifth Part, impact analysis. It analyzes the threat to the security of our industry by the foreign retail, specifically from the aspects of local enterprise survival, employment, supplier interests, the interests of consumers, the retail industry structure, and policy-making. In addition, it extended to analyze the impact of foreign control in the retail industry on the level of social, cultural, military and policy. The part analyzes the impact mechanism and status quo from the two aspects of industrial safety and national security.The sixth Part, experiences and policy proposals. It includes two parts: experiences and policy proposal. First, it introduces the open attitude of foreign capital and retail development experience of the United States, Japan, Korea, and India; combining with Chinese situation, it sums up experiences. Then, it proposes suggestions to strengthen the regulation measures of foreign capital into our retail and promote the development of China’s retail from the three levels of government, enterprise, industry. This part mainly summarizes experience, and proposes some suggestions on the development of the China’s retail business.Finally, according to the research and analysis of the previous six parts, it makes a summary. It summarizes the development status of the retail industry, and looks to the development of China’s retail industry. Finally, it points out the shortcomings and some aspects which can be strengthened, looking forward to more scholars’in-depth study.The main innovations are from the following five aspects:1.Viewing from subjects and analysis point, this paper selects foreign retail industry to analyze industry safety, which is more specific than the traditional one focusing on the analysis of foreign investment and industrial safety, it can reflect the real impact of foreign control on specific industries. At the same time, it selects specific city for the analysis of industrial safety coefficient, which can reflect the status of industrial safety better than traditional analysis that is based on the total country’s retail. Because the total amount analysis will whisk off the differences of urban-rural and regional and weaken the security of status quo.2.From the specific analytical methods, this paper combines with theory and index analysis, using large latest data for statistical processing, the horizontal and vertical index analysis and comparative analysis, directly reflecting foreign retail’s development status of these cities. Compared with the traditional reasons analysis, impact analysis and policy analysis, it is more compelling and intuitive.3.From the choice of the city, this paper selects Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Chengdu as the objects of study. They represent the political center, economic center, covering the eastern, the central, and the western. These cities include the first-tier cities, the second and third tier cities, and also developed cities and the rapid growing cities. It can make up one-sided analysis of a simple city and a general analysis of the nation’s total, showing the status quo of the industrial safety from a more comprehensive and specific view, and reflecting the urgency of industrial safety more intuitively and powerfully.4.From the view of impact analysis, combined with the methods of mechanisms influence and data statistics, this paper analyzes the effect of foreign control and threats to industrial security from six specific aspects, including the survival of local enterprises, employment, supplier interests, the interests of consumers, the retail industry structure, policy making. This is more comprehensive and convincing than the traditional mechanism impact analysis and positive and negative effects.5.From the scope of the analysis, in addition to the specific analysis of impact on industrial safety by retail foreign control, this paper extends to the threat to national security, which is based on social, cultural and military-political aspects. This breakthroughs the study scope only limited in industrial security or economic security areas. |
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