An Analysis On The Migration And Job Mobility Of Rural Married Female Workers

Migrant married female workers, an important part of labor force in China, stay in a relatively and obviously disadvantaged situation in job searching because of its lower human capital, and higher family and psychological costs. The study on determinants on rural married female worker’s migration and job switching is a meaningful and realistic research topic both for theoretic research and policy suggestions.Based on a concerned literature review, this article takes the rural married female workers as the research object, includes job searching theory into the mechanism analysis of migrant decision-making, and tries to find factors influencing decisions of migrant and job mobility, which provides a theoretical and realistic basis for understanding the labor force market and accelerating the process of migrant rural surplus labor. This research first focuses on the Fuliang County in Jiangxi province, randomly selects329rural married female in7towns, and analysis determinants on the migration decision of married female worker in rural area with a logistic model. It finds that reservation wage, husband’s migration, the scale of planting area, family business, the economic development level of communities, and the level of job searching effort puts a significant impact on the migration decision of rural married female worker. By hierarchical reason analysis on three kinds of non-migrant married female worker, it shows that both the shortage of access to job information and human capital lower the efficiency of job matching and finally lead to the stays in the rural areas. The care for family and following with husband is the foremost consideration of move or back decision. Case analysis shows that the high cost of time and living forces migrant married female worker left children in rural hometown, which results in serious negative impact on left-behind children.Secondly, this paper analysis job searching and the market matching situation of migrant married female worker from the labor supply angel. It shows that, by the constraints of limited self-human capital and skill, the excepted occupation is different from the actual choice of migrant married female worker. Staying in the same place with husband and the distance with hometown is the foremost consideration of job searching for married female labor in rural areas. Wage and family income are two key factors affecting the level of job satisfaction and job matching. Using the difference between the excepted and actual wage as index to characterize the efficiency of job matching, it finds that the efficiency of job matching of migrant married female worker is low and most of them actually choose the job, of which the wage is lower than the excepted.Finally, this paper focuses on the job mobility of migrant married female worker. It shows that unofficial social network still plays a major role in job information access, at the same time, high job searching and family emotion cost is also along with the migration of married female. By empirical determinants analysis on job mobility of migrant married female worker, the result of logistic model shows that family emotion affects married female migrants significantly. Working in the same firm or in the same city with her husband is found to play a crucial role in the process of job mobility. Channels of job searching affect job mobility of married female migrant workers. Meanwhile, ages and education levels of sampled female population affect their job mobility. The training provided by the employers enriches the specific human capital and lowers job mobility accordingly. Individual’s active participation in the job training of training school makes married female migrant workers change job much often. The first job with lower income and higher labor intensity enhances the potential of female migrant workers’job mobility.Following conclusions could be drawn from above analysis:Firstly, limits of job information access, resulting from the lagging of information services, negatively affect the migration and job matching efficiency of married female labor in rural areas. In order to transfer the labor and vacancy information timely and provide a high effective, unified and competitive labor market environment, building a unified national information platform by communication and network is urgently needed.Secondly, the migration, job searching and job mobility is directive affected by human capital and skill level. The capability of job searching and employment depends on the education background and technical capability. To insure the efficient labor supply for the economy development in the future, it is necessary for government to increase the education investment on rural areas, especially on the career technical education of female worker and compulsory education of children.Thirdly, migration from nearby can help married female labor achieve both the goals of income improvement and family care at the same time, which so as to decrease the migration cost to a maximum extent. Increasing the investment on the industry reform and infrastructure in middle-west areas could be a help to provide a realistic basis for married female labor to migrant from nearby.Finally, low wages and inadequate of social welfare and security increases job separation and back to hometown rate for married female migrants. Employers must change and specify the traditional employment and management patterns, and need actively sign and implement the formal labor contract. More attention should also be given to the improvement of social welfare and human capital investment for migrant workers, which is a fundamental action to provide a new high-skill and high-quality labor force team of migrant workers for economy development in the future.