| With the global population increasing, it is greater demand on protein resources, protein dificiency is becoming more and more serious. It becomes an urgent task to develop new protein resource. Insects are the world’s largest organisms high protein content and nutritional composition is easy to absorbed by the body, and they are considered to be ideal to develop resources of protein.This experiment measured the nutritional ingredients of yellow mealworm, house fly larvase and barley pest at the first, and then chose14±2d weaning piglets, researching different insects on weaning piglet growth performance, blood biochemical indices, body amino acids, colon and cecum chyme short chain fatty acids (SCFA), NH3-N and skatole and indole, comprehensive evaluation of three kinds of nutritional value of insects. Specific results are as follows:1. nutrient analysisThe protein content (%) of yellow mealworm powder, house fly larvase and barley pest was50.20,45.62and45.08, respectively; ether extract content (%) was28.96,30.10and41.71.Total energy(KJ/g) was26.16,25.95and28.66,house fly larvase had the highest contents in calcium, phosphorus, iron and manganese followed by500.0,885.7,1.17and500.0(mg/100g), the amount of copper and zinc in yellow mealworm powder (100mg/g) was1.49and1.49, respectively. EAAI values of yellow powder insect, house fly larvase and barley pest were30.16,31.06and25.99, the percentage of the total essential amino acid (E) and the total essential amino acid (E/N) was72.49,71.57and67.64,respectively; the percentage of E/(E+N) was42.03,41.71and40.35.2. animal growth performance testThe increased weight of piglets in each stage was no significant difference. From15to28d, the average daily feed intake of barley pest group was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05); In29-56d, the average daily feed intake of barley insect group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). From15to28d, the diarrhea index of three insects groups was significantly lowerer than control group (P<0.05). The apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of yellow mealworm group and house fly larvase was the similar to plasma protein powder, but the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of barley pest group was lower.3. blood biochemical indicatorsAfter feeding28d, ALT of the barley pest group in serum was lower than the control group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the four groups on ALP, ALT and AST at other time points. AMM of three insects gourps in plasma was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). After feeding56d, ALB and TP in Plasma of barley pest group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), house fly larvase group’s IGM was significantly higher than barley pest group (P<0.05). TG concentration of house fly larvase group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).4. the content of amino acids in the bodyAfter feeding28d, valine of yellow mealworm group in plasma free amino acid content was higher than that in house fly larvase group and barley insect group (P <0.05), yellow mealworm group tyrosine lower than house fly larvase group and barley pests group (P<0.05), lysine concentration of house fly larvase group and barley pest group, total essential amino acid concentration in the barley insect group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). After feeding56d, barley pest group plasma isoleucine and lysine concentration was lower than house fly larvase group, cysteine concentration was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). After feeding56d, aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, valine, leucine, phenylalanine levels in the longest back muscle of house fly larvase group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05), aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, total and essential amino acid content in the the back longest muscle barley pest group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).After feeding28d, there was appeared difference on measured17kinds of hydrolysis amino acids content of the liver, yellow mealworm groups, house fly larvase group and barley pest group were lower than the control group.5. metabolites in the cecum and colon After feeding28d, NH3-N content of yellow mealworm groups in cecum and colon chyme was the highest, and significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05), indoles content of house fly larvase group in cecum chyme was higher, and had significant difference with the other three groups (P<0.01),cecum skatole content of yellow mealworm group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), house fly larvase group and barley pest group content is lower, and extremely significant differences with the control group (P<0.01).Barley pest group colon chyme indole was significantly higher than yellow mealworm group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than the bots group and the control group (P<0.01), skatole of three insects group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). After feeding56d, in cecum chyme,NH3-N of house fly larvase group is significantly higher than the control group and the yellow mealworm group (P<0.05), butyric acid content is significantly lower than barley insect groups (P<0.05), indole was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Indole of house fly larvase group in colon chyme is significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05).To sum up, the nutrient of yellow mealworm and house fly larvase can be more conducive to digestion and absorption, and can meet the needs of the growth of piglets, barley pests in piglets digestive utilization rate was lower, and the effect was worse than plasma protein powder. |
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