Studies On Identification Of Macro Fungi By ITS Technique And Domestication Of8Species Of Wild Fungi

There are rich resources of wild fungi in China. According to incompletestatistics, China’s edible fungi (including medicinal fungi) are nearly about2000species, of which successfully domesticated are more than50species, including morethan20major cultivars, supporting the healthy and rapid development of the fungusindustry. In this study,27species of wild fungi collected from major producing areasof Hebei Province and17species of mycelia strain isolated from fruitbodies weresuccessfully identified by ITS technique (ITS is a sequence located between18SrDNA and28S rDNA). Subsequently, we conducted artificial domestication andcultivation for eight species of wild fungi which have a certain edible or medicinalvalue. The main results are as follows:1. By ITS molecular biological identification, combined with morphologicalcharacteristics, the taxonomic status of the27species of wild fungi were successfullydetermined.2. ITS analysis results of17species of mycelia strain isolated from fruitbodiesshowed that: in addition to one kind of mildew contamination, the remaining speciesidentities were confirmed.3. The domestication results of eight species of wild fungi are as follows:(1) Carbon source screening experiments showed that: the optimal carbon sourcefor the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis and Trametes sanguinea was sucrose; theoptimal carbon source for the growth of Lepista irina, Lepista nebularis, Clitocybesubditopoda and Lepista nuda was soluble starch; the optimal carbon source for thegrowth of Ganoderma applanatum and Calocybe gambosa was maltose.(2) Nitrogen source screening experiments showed that: the optimal nitrogensource for the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis, Ganoderma applanatum, Lepistabularis, Clitocybe subditopoda and Lepista nuda was yeast; the optimal nitrogensource for the growth of Lepista irina was ammonium sulfate; the optimal nitrogensource for the growth of Calocybe gambosa was peptone.(3) Inorganic salts screening experiments showed that: the optimal inorganic salt for the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis and Trametes sanguinea was potassiumdihydrogen phosphate, followed by magnesium sulfate; the optimal inorganic salt forthe growth of Ganoderma applanatum was magnesium sulfate, followed bypotassium dihydrogen phosphate.(4) Orthogonal experiment results showed that: the best combination formula ofnutritional factors for the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis was: sucrose25g/L, yeastpowder8g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate4g/L, magnesium2g/L; the bestcombination formula of nutritional factors for the growth of Trametes sanguinea wassucrose25g/L, beef extract5g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate3g/L,magnesium sulfate1g/L.(5) pH screening experiments showed that: the optimal pH for the growth ofGymnopilus spectabilis and Lepista nuda was5.5; the optimal pH for the growth ofTrametes sanguinea, Lepista irina and Ganoderma applanatum was5.0.(6) Temperature screening experiments showed that: the optimal temperature forthe growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis and Trametes sanguinea was25℃.(7) Light screening experiments showed that: Gymnopilus spectabilis andTrametes sanguinea didn’t need light in their growth process; too much light mightalso inhibit the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis.(8) Mother culture media formulation screening experiments showed that: theoptimal medium for the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis, Ganoderma applanatumand Lepista nebularis was corn flour medium; the optimal medium for the growth ofTrametes sanguinea was sawdust medium mixed with bran broth; the optimalmedium for the growth of Lepista irina, Calocybe gambosa and Lepista nuda wasPDA medium mixed with dung broth; the optimal medium for the growth ofClitocybe subditopoda was PDA medium mixed with mushroom broth.(9) Original culture media formulation screening experiments showed that: theoptimal original culture media for the growth of Gymnopilus spectabilis was sawdust40%, cottonseed hulls43%, bran15%, glucose1%, plaster1%, moisture65%, pH6~7; the optimal original culture media for the growth of Trametes sanguinea andGanoderma applanatum was sawdust40%, cottonseed hulls43%, bran15%, glucoseVI 1%, plaster1%, moisture65%, pH6~7; the optimal original culture media for thegrowth of Lepista irina was grain78%, dry cow dung10%, bran10%, glucose1%,plaster1%, moisture65%, pH6~7.(10) Through fruiting experiments, we successfully obtained fruitbodies ofGymnopilus spectabilis and Trametes sanguinea. The first fruitbodies yield ofGymnopilus spectabilis was50g, with the biological efficiency13.3%; the firstfruitbodies yield of Trametes sanguinea was73g, with the biological efficiency16.2%.