| After the High-Energy cosmic rays from out-space enter into the atmosphere of the earth, A large number of secondary particles are generated when the high-energy cosmic rays interact with the nuclei and others in the air. The phenomenon is called Extensive Air Showers(EAS). In particular,the charged particles of the secondary particles in Extensive Air Showers interact with Earth phenomena such as thunderstorms, atmospheric electric field, etc. Which is important for the hot topic of the interdisciplinary research. In order to in-depth study on these issues, the first thing is studying the EAS of secondary particle’s type, flux, etc. Large dynamic measurement for atmospheric electric field is also a fundamental work. The main work of this thesis is simulating and calculating the flux of varieties secondary particles at Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observation Station of Tibet, about4300meters above sea level. And then by measuring the atmospheric electric field near earth, the research is laid the foundation, which is the correlation between cosmic ray and atmospheric electric field.Nowadays using the program which is called CORSIKA-6900is the main application to simulate the EAS phenomenon. The data generated from this program can be used to learn all kinds of secondary particles which is produced after the primary cosmic ray interact in EAS. Before the simulation for EAS, The thesis first use the experimental data of AMS-01to calculate the absolutely integral flux of proton in different geomagnetic latitude and energy, and discuss geomagnetic effect of the cosmic rays.These results provide an important reference for the latitude effect of cosmic rays in the ionosphere and a wide range of latitudesUse CORSIKA-6900program to simulate tow places,one is near the sea level(50°N,105°E; Geomagnetic cutoff rigidity4.5GV, altitude110m), the other is Yangbajing in Tibet(30.1°N,90.53°E, vertical geomagnetic cutoff rigidity14.1GV, altitude4300m), and calculate flux of the secondary particles. The calculation bout the sea level is for inspection and testing the simulation program.The input option of the primary particle are mainly proton and helium in these simulation. Using the sample case from the simulation to estimate the arriving time of the primary particles which reach the observation plane in a certain area and certain solid angle, it can be used as the time for estimating the flux of secondary particles.The result near the sea level shows that the flux of secondary photons and μ+is consistent with other calculations, So this method and program is reliable for estimating secondary particles’flux. Using the above method and program to estimate the flux of different secondary particles at Yangbajing in Tibet, The result shows that the main charged secondary particles in Yangbajing are electron, positron, μ+, μ-, and their flux respectively are27.58,19.25,9.43,8.94(m2s sr)-1, in particular, the flux of electron and positron are not symmetrical. These results provide an important reference for understanding the cosmic rays’rates during the thunderstorm when the atmospheric electric field dramatic change.For studying the interaction between the atmospheric electric field and secondary cosmic rays, it is necessary to measure the atmospheric electric field in large dynamic range on the basis of the flux from the above estimation. As a part of this work, a capacity electric field mills which is called EST-001was been installed at Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observation Station in Tibet in July,2012. And measured the electric field on the spot. EST-001applicable to research the correction of dramatic changes in the atmospheric electric field during thunderstorm and the change of cosmic rays’rates because of its large range(±200KV/m) and high Sensitivity(-us). The thesis discus the working principle of EST-001, introduce the installation, and Preliminary analyze and discuss the data from observing. |
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