Research On Characteristics And Environmental Influence Of10Species Of Lichen In West Shanxi Province

Lichens, a cluster of special organisms, are different from the free living fungus and alga with unique characteristics in morphological characteristics, anatomical structures, physiological features, chemical properties, faunal distribution and ecological functions. Because of the lichens can endure extreme environment, and they need little water and nutrient, so lichens have positive ecological significance in vegetation recovery and conservation of water and soil. There are many different kinds of lichens in western Shanxi Province. In this article,10kinds of lichens in west Shanxi province were taken as the object. The characteristics of the morphological properties and the physiological and ecological functions of the lichens were studied in multi-dimensions based on field investigation and laboratory test.According to the dissectionandchemical detection, the superior lichens were Xanthoparmeliamexicana (Gyeln.) Hale, Oxneriaalfredii (S.Y. Kondr.&Poelt) S.Y. Kondr.&Kdrnefelt, Candelariaconcolor (Dicks.) Arnold, Psoradecipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm., CladoniafruticulosaKremp., Physconiamuscigena (Ach.) Poelt, Rhizoplacamacleanii (C.W.Doge) Castello, Canoparmeliatexana (Tuck.) Elix&Hale, Collematenax (Sw.)Ach., Xanthoriafallax Arnold.PlacodiumfallaxHepp..And there were different secondary metabolite in various lichens, they are norstictic acid, salazinic acid、parietin、 fumarprotocetraric acid、atranorin and Parietic acid.We concluded from the results of the seed germination test in laboratory that the germination percentage was not significantly affected by the existence of lichens. However, there were minor functions of promotion or restraining corresponding to different seeds, Trifolium pratense seed germination is concentrated in the1-4days,and Pinus tabuliformis seed germination is concentrated in the5～10days.As the mean while, the influencesof different kinds of lichens as matrixes on the seed germination were different.The soil content of OM,TN,TP,AN,AP,AK of including lichens are higher than which have not. Under the different soil environment and deeps, the soil nutrient content of the significant are different performance. Due to PH is relatively high in the study area, The existence of the lichen can significantly reduce the basicity of the soi. The lichens were benefit for the changes of the soil physicochemical properties, the nutrient cycle and decreasing the degree of alkalisation after analyzing the soils which were planted with lichens.Moreover, there were relationship between the growth of the lichens and various factors such as altitude, terrain, soil, interference, vegetation structure and ecological gradient after the investigation of the lichens’growing environment..In the investigation of lichens growing in soil and on the stones, from the elevation gradient800to2000m, lichen cover with the altitude increasing has decreased.In the perspective of soils, lichens grow on most of the texture of the soil or rock stable, and easy to assemble at the surface.In different vegetation structure, the size of lichen cover showed herb>shrub and grass>tree, shrub and grass.Under different disturbance, the coverage of lichens gradually weakened until it is no longer growing, with the increasing of extent of interference, so lichens are monitor of environment.In the survey of tree lichen, mature forest lichen cover higher than Young, broad-leaved forest lichen cover more than coniferous forests, while lichen cover is also affected by the parameters of the trees, canopy microclimate and microenvironment.