Study On The Cooperative Carbon Emission Reduction Mechanism In R&D Of Supply Chain Under Low-carbon Economy

Since the industrial revolution, due to the uneven development of the economy andenvironment, large amounts of carbon dioxide has been produced, that has seriouslyaffected the ecological balance. Since the1990s, the international community hasbeen committing to curb the environmental degradation, and then low-carboneconomy has emerged in this context. China is a manufacturing country, and themanufacturing sector has accounted for50%of China’s GDP, but now, China’smanufacturing industry is still in the low-end manufacturing stage with high energyconsumption. Therefore, in order to ensure that China’s manufacturing industry couldtimely respond to the fast changing market and achieve the carbon emission reductioncommitments under the low-carbon economy, the paper put forward that upstreamand downstream enterprises in the supply chain could cooperate in carbon emissionreduction in the research and development stage. By sharing technical information,resources and research and development costs, we could deal with this challenge.Under low-carbon economy, the paper focuses on that manufacturers couldcooperate in the emission reduction in research and development stage, so the paper isdivided into four parts:The first part consisting of Chapters1and2, is the starting point and the theoreticalbasis of the study.Chapter1starts from the current international emission reduction environment, andanalyzes the inevitability of developing low-carbon economy in China and the grimsituation that China’s manufacturing industry is facing, and thus proposes cooperativeR&D is one of the effective ways to deal with the situation. Then the paper clarifiesthe method of this study, the main content and technology roadmap.Chapter2describes the theoretical basis of this study.The second part (Chapter3) discusses the three dimensional trading patterns of thelow-carbon economy. Studying the carbon emissions trading mechanism based oncarbon emissions trading and government allocating the initial carbon quotas, then,the paper puts forwards the three-dimensional trading patterns (resources, productsand carbon emission rights) of manufacturer, and establishes profit maximization model of manufacturer under the patterns from the economic benefit and socialbenefit.The third part (Chapter4) compares two cases:(1) the manufacturer does carbonemission reduction in R&D stage alone;(2) upstream and downstreammanufacturers cooperate in carbon emission reduction in research and developmentstage. Firstly, the paper applies numerical analysis method to analyze the influence ofthree factors (government allocation, the cost factor of carbon emission reduction, aswell as the carbon trading price) on the optimal output of the manufacturers, emissionreductions (only suppliers) and profits. Then the paper compares the manufacturer’soptimal output, carbon emission reductions per unit, as well as the profit increment ofmanufacturers and suppliers before and after co-operation, and then draws theprerequisite that manufacturer and suppliers are willing to cooperate in carbonemission reduction.The fourth part (Chapter5) makes the summary and outlook of the whole paper.The innovation of this paper:(1) Clearly put forward three dimensional trading patterns of low-carbon supplychain, and establish the profit maximization model of manufacturer under the patterns.(2) Combine low-carbon economy, enterprise carbon emission reduction, andvertical cooperative R&D, and explore the cooperation mechanism of manufacturersfrom the perspective of the supply chain.