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Investigation Of Ammonium Polyphosphate Flame Retardant On The Forest Fuels

Posted on:2014-11-11Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:H D HuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2251330401485495Subject:Polymer Chemistry and Physics
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Forest fuel is the material basis of forest fire, and it is the main factors of the fire spread, study fire retardant of forest fuel can provide a theoretical basis for forest fire prevention. Fire retardant is a kind of chemical substances, which to prevent the fire or flame spread. Using flame retardant can change Forest fuel’s combustion properties, making it difficult to burn, non-combustible material, it and can prevent and delay the development of forest fire. Ammonium polyphosphate is a kind of important halogen-free flame retardant, it has many advantages:the flame retardant P-N element content is high, good thermal stability, low density, good dispersion, the product almost neutral, and compound with other materials, flame-retardant properties is durable, non-toxic smoke suppression and so on. Low degree polymerization of ammonium polyphosphate has good soluble in water, its nutrients is easy absorbed by crops, but the degree polymerization of APP is low polymerization degree. It can not achieve the effect of flame retardant, it must through the modification and compound with other substances to improve the flame retardant effect.In this study, the flammability and fire resistance of those forest fuels are analyzed by using cone calorimetry and thermogravimetry techniques. Used different modifiers (twelve sodium alkyl sulfate, KH-570, cyclodextrin, urea) modified the oligomeric ammonium phosphate as flame retardant, and used it to treat with the pine needles. Tested fire resistance of the pine needles after treated with thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry analysis. According to the results, we can come to the conclusion, KH-570modified ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant, the fire resistance was relatively the best:Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the pine needles have more carbon residue which was treated with KH-570modified ammonium polyphosphate after burning; cone calorimetry results showed that the pine needles after treatment with KH-570modified ammonium polyphosphate had the lower HRR and THR, the TSP was obviously lower than that of pure pine needles. And the best concentration of flame retardant agent was8%.Study the synergistic flame retarding effect between ammonium polyphosphate and other material compounded flame-retardant, used different soluble flame retardant (aluminum sulfate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, borax, boric acid) mixed with ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant, and used it to treat with the pine needles. Tested fire resistance of the pine needles after treated with thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry analysis. According to the results, we can come to the conclusion, the pine needles treated with composite flame retardant (APP/BA) had amount of residual carbon than other pine needles; and cone calorimetry showed that the pine needles after treatment with composite flame retardant (APP/BA) had the lowest HRR and THR, the TSP and SPR was obviously lower than that of pure pine needles. All of these instructed that APP and boric acid had very good synergistic effect, and the flame retardant relative optimum concentration is5%; ratio of composite flame retardant (APP/BA) for ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid is3:2.By compared with the two conclusions, composite flame retardant (APP/BA) as flame retardant was superior to other flame retardants, composite flame retardant (APP/BA) showed good flame retardancy and significant smoke suppression. Then study the effect of composite flame retardant (APP/BA) on different forest combustible:Used composite flame retardant (APP/BA) to treat with the Korean pine needles、larch pine needles-pinus sylvestris pine needles、white birch leaves、Fraxinus mandshurica leaves、Mongolia oak leaves. Tested fire resistance of forest fuels after treated with thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry analysis. According to the results, we can come to the conclusion:the effect of composite flame retardant (APP/BA) on the pine needles, the best was Larch pine needles; the effect of composite flame retardant (APP/BA) on the broad-leaved leaves, the best was white birch leaves.
Keywords/Search Tags:pine needles, modified ammonium polyphosphate, boric acid, combustionperformance, flame retardant
PDF Full Text Request
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