Risk Assessment Of Fluorine In Antarctic Krill(Euphausia Superba)

With the increasing decline of offshore fishery resources, development andutilization of ocean fishery resources become the fisheries development trend.Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is widely distributed in southern ocean, reservesof about6.5-10million tons. Antarctic krill is rich in many nutrients like amino acid,unsaturated fatty acid and carotenoid. It is one of the most abundant marine animalresources which can be used by human being as well as a storeroom for animalprotein. Antarctic krill has a special mechanism of fluorine gathering. It is tested thatthe fluorine content in Antarctic krill was2400mg/kg in the whole body,4260mg/kgin cephalothorax,3300mg/kg in carapace and570mg/kg in muscle (dry weight, totalfluorine). Proper intake of fluorine can promote bone growth and prevent tooth decay,but excessive intake can make skeletal density and weaken the sclerotin, thus causingsymptoms of arthralgia, ligament calcification, hyperostosis, even cyrtosis andparalysis. High fluorine content becomes the bottleneck of development andutilization of Antarctic krill resources. Therefore, it is urgent to make a riskassessment of fluorine in Antarctic krill.The paper collected research data at home and abroad in the fluorine content ofAntarctic krill, including the determination results of2010-2012Antarctic krillsamples, data available reached290. It is reported that the fluorine content inAntarctic krill whole body and muscles are all logistic distributed through adistribution fitting. The average content of fluorine in the whole body and muscle are1721.98mg/kg and227.86mg/kg respectively (dry weight, total fluorine).Because lack of Antarctic krill intake data，the thesis use the data of shrimps intakefrom the ministry of health of our country to simulate Antarctic krill intake exposurefrom middle exposure area. As Qingdao is a coastal city, residents have a higherintake of marine products; a dietary survey of shrimp intake in Qingdao was made tosimulate the intake of Antarctic krill from high exposure area. Dietary survey showsthat mean value of shrimps intake is0.011kg/day, which is1.8times the data ofshrimps intake from ministry of health of our country. Body weight of Qingdaoresidents is normal distributed and its mean value is60.21kg. The thesis use in vitromethod experiment to analysis the bioavailability of fluorine in human body, it is showed that the bioavailability of fluorine in Antarctic krill is84.81%in average.Crystal Ball software based on the Monte Carlo technology was used to simulate theCDI of fluorine in Antarctic krill. The minimum value of CDI is0.004mg/(kg day),which is the value of using muscle as an edible part in middle exposure area. Themaximum value of CDI is0.25mg/(kg day), which is the value of using whole bodyas an edible part in high exposure area. The later one is62.5times the value of theformer one. It is showed that there is significant influence of CDI in different area andway of eating.HQ is used to represent the risk of fluorine intake in Antarctic krill. By MonteCarlo simulation of the HQ based on the CDI it is showed that all the HQ values areless than1by using muscle as the edible part, which means no risk for human health.But use the whole body as the edible part,97.5th percentile HQ rates of middleexposure area is1.04, and95th and97.5th percentile HQ rates of high exposure areaare3.07and4.15respectively. HQ more than1means a significant risk of fluorine inAntarctic krill. Therefore, shelling can dramatically reduce the risk of fluorine inAntarctic krill.Risk assessment of fluorine in Antarctic krill has a significant sense of developmentand utilization of Antarctic krill. This thesis has made a preliminary risk assessment offluorine in Antarctic krill. On this basis it is necessary to make safety evaluation anddevelop fluorine control technology of Antarctic krill, which can provide a technologysupport for standard establishment and deep processing of Antarctic krill.