Ecotoxicity Of Alternatives For Pfos And PBDEs To Soil-dwelling Springtails

For its superior surface activity and triple-proofing properties, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely used in finishing process of textile and paper products. As PFOS, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been the most important organic flame retardants for their excellent properties and popular price, too. Both of them are indispensible in daily life. Many countries in the world have limited and prohibited the usage of them because PFOS and PBDEs have persistence, biological accumulation and ecotoxicity. The chemical alternatives of them emerge as the times require, but few researches about ecotoxicity are reported. For reducing high environmental risk with alternatives large production and using, alternatives in soil were assessed through three ecotoxicity tests of springtails (Folsomia candida). Results were shown below.(1) Ecotoxicity of alternatives for PFOS to Soil-dwelling Springtails:LC50values of surfactant and textile finishing agent in acute toxicity test were4959and1007mg·kg-1while C4and C6finishing agent were both higher than5000mg·kg-1. EC50values in chronic reproduction toxicity test were0.15,0.12and0.18mg·kg-1for surfactant, textile finishing agent and C4finishing agent, respectively. EC50value of C6finishing agent was higher than1mg·kg-1. In addition, the effects of surfactant, textile finishing agent and C4finishing agent on avoidance behavior of springtails were0.73,0.39and0.80mg·kg-1, but that of C6finishing agent was higher than1mg·kg-1. The order of toxieity for PFOS and four alternatives was textile finishing agent>PFOS>surfactant>C4finishing agent>C6finishing agent.(2) Ecotoxicity of alternatives for PBDEs to Soil-dwelling Springtails:LC50values of three PBDEs alternatives in acute toxieity test were all higher than1000mg·kg-1. EC50values in chronic reproduction toxieity test were25.9and50.8mg·kg-1for ODOPB and SBDP, respectively. EC50value of HPCTP was higher than32mg·kg-1.In addition, the effects of ODOPB, SBDP and HPCTP on avoidance behavior of springtails were1.9,1.8and1.9mg·kg-1. The order of toxicity for PBDEs and three alternatives was BDE-209> ODOPB> SBDP> HPCTP.(3) C6finishing agent and HPCTP were probable the optimal and environmental friendly alternatives:All of four alternatives, C6finishing agent had no influence on growth and reproduction of springtails within limited concentration. It had few opportunities to cause soil pollution and was probable the environmental friendly alternative of PFOS in ecotoxicity. All of three alternatives, HPCTP had the minimal toxicity to springtails. It had few opportunities to increase ecological risk and was probable the environmental friendly alternative of PBDEs in ecotoxicity.