Research On Rural Sewage Present Situation, Problems And Governance In Hunan Province

Based on rural environmental renovation projects, the status, issues and governance of rural sewage wastewater in Hunan were studied in this paper with the aim of new rural construction in Hunan province.The pollution status, problems and causes of rural sewage were analyzed and treatment and management of that also be studied through data collection and actual participation, investigate and research,. The main results are summarized as following:1. About37.25million people live in Hunan rural area. According to the different geographical, economic conditions, the highest sewage output per capita can reach0.12m3/day and the the lowest one is about0.060�'�0.070m3/day or even less. The annual output of domestic sewage in Hunan rural area is1.12x109m3calculating with sewage output per capita of0.075-0.085m3/day.2. According to their different conditions, there are three types of classifications: different types of sewage from towns, concentrated residential area and scattered residential area are divided based on the farmers living intensity; two types of sewage from rich rural families and poor families are divided based on the economical conditions of farm households; five types of sewage from industrial and mining enterprise, breed type, plant type, tourism type and ecotype based on the village types.3. Sewage pollution in Hunan rural area is relatively serious in current situation and disorder discharge of rural sewage is still relatively common. Which caused by:1.life quality improvement. The change of lifestyle lead a increasing sewage with more complicated components;2. Lack of effective infrastructure and technology for sewage, treatment that leads to low treatment rate of overall rural sewage.4. In Hunan province, disorder emissions of rural sewage have impacted on the rural ecological environment seriously. in2011, the rate of reaching the standard of surface water was only69.23%in18pilot village in Hunan. The rate of reaching the standard of underground water in18pilot village in Hunan was only25.0%in2011and IV or V class water accounted for37.5%.5. In Hunan province, the management mechanism and governance technology for rural domestic sewage treatment exist some problems. improving supervision system for rural environmental protection; Strengthening technical guidance of rural sewage disposal; improving the environmental awareness of resident with various propagandas; Cultivation of resident autonomy in environmental protection; Combined with creation, shall the comprehensive improvement of the rural environment and improve the rural ecological environment in the whole advancement opportunity, creating effective mechanism to promote rural sewage treatment; Broadening financing channels and other measures to improve the management of existing problems; popularizing and improving Scientific treatment technology of rural domestic sewage, taking distributed processing and centralized processing and other measures to improve the technical problems take into account the local conditions.6.In Hunan province, sewage treatment process consist of two stages of fermentation degradation and eutrophication material removal, which is divided into centralized and decentralized rural sewage treatment with different treatment techniques. This paper summarizes eight kinds of decentralized sewage treatment technology and five kinds of centralized one in Hunan rural area.. The analysis of use cases in different rural areas shows that they have individual applicability, advantages and disadvantages.